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29 protocols using e1015

1

Serum and Hepatic Lipid Profile Analysis

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Serum concentration of total cholesterol (Tch) was measured with a biochemical automatic analyzer (Hitachi 7020; HITACHI) using a commercial cholesterol assay kit (E1015; Applygen Technologies, Inc.). Serum concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-cholesterol were measured with a biochemical automatic analyzer (Hitachi 7020; HITACHI) using a commercial cholesterol assay kit (KP712, KF253 Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. Wako), respectively. Serum concentration of TG was measured with a biochemical automatic analyzer (Hitachi 7020; HITACHI) using a commercial TG assay kit (E1013; Applygen Technologies, Inc.). Serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were determined using the Wako NEFA Cacyllcoenzyme A synthetase acyl-coenzyme A oxidase assay method. Hepatic total cholesterol concentration was measured using a tissue total cholesterol assay kit (E1015; Applygen Technologies, Inc.) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Hepatic concentration of total triglyceride was quantified with a biochemical automatic analyzer (Hitachi 7020; HITACHI) using a commercial TG assay kit (E1013; Applygen Technologies, Inc.).
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2

Hepatic Triglyceride and Cholesterol Assay

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Hepatic triglyceride (TG) and Chol were determined by using a commercial assay kit (E1013 and E1015, Applygen Technologies Inc., China) following the manufacturer's instructions.
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3

Lipid Profile Analysis of Biological Samples

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Bile, homogenized liver and feces were used to extracted lipids using FOLCH (chloroform:methonal-2:1) as described previously [18 (link)] and enzymatically measured using commercially available kits (Cholesterol: E1015, Applygen, China; Triglyceride: E1013, Applygen, China; Bile acids: BI7710, Zhicheng Biological Technology, China; Phospholipid: EFR0178, FUJIFILM, Japan). All procedures were carried out in accordance to the instructions by kits.
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4

Macrophage Cholesterol Metabolism Regulation

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Macrophages were transfected with shRNA-NC, shRNA-PAR2-1 for 48 h and treated with ox-LDL (100 μg/ml) for another 24 h. Further, macrophages co-transfected with shRNA-PAR2 and pcDNA3.0-DKK1 for 48 h and treated with ox-LDL (100 μg/ml) for another 24 h. The total cholesterol and free cholesterol levels were detected using the commercial kit (E1015, E1016; Applygen Technologies Inc., Beijing, China) following the instructions. Cells were treated with lysis buffer for 10 min and centrifuged at 1500 × g for 10 min. The supernatant was collected and detected at 550 nm.
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5

Liver Lipid Quantification Assays

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The triglyceride content and total cholesterol in the liver were assayed using a triglyceride assay kit (E1015, Applygen Technologies, Beijing, China) and a total cholesterol assay kit (GPO-POD; Applygen Technologies, Beijing, China), respectively, according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.
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6

Tissue Triglyceride and Cholesterol Quantification

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TG and cholesterol was detected by the Tissue/Cell Triglyceride (TG) Content Enzymatic Determination Kit and Enzymatic assay kit to determine the total cholesterol (CHOL) in tissue cells (E1013, E1015, Applygen Technologies Inc., Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Adipose tissue was added into lysate, grinded by electric homogenizer and left on ice for 10 min. A total of 10 µL of the liquid was removed for protein concentration assay correction. The remaining liquid was heated at 70 °C for 10 min. The upper clarified liquid was centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 min at room temperature and removed for enzymatic assay. The optical density of each sample was determined using a multi-function microplate reader (Biotech, San Francisco, CA, USA). The experiment was repeated three times and three technical replicates were performed for each sample. The total protein concentration was measured with the Enhanced BCA Protein Quantitation Assay Kit (KGP902, KeyGEN BioTECH, Nanjing, China). The TG content was finally corrected per mg protein content.
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7

Quantifying Cellular Lipid Profiles

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TAG and cholesterol contents in GMEC were quantified using a triacylglycerol enzymatic assay kit (E1013, Applypen Technologies Inc., Beijing, China) and cholesterol enzymatic assay kit (E1015, Applygen Technologies Inc., Beijing, China) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Cellular TAG and cholesterol content is shown as the ratio of TAG or cholesterol concentration to the protein concentration. Detailed procedures for these assays have been reported previously [33 (link)].
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8

Quantifying Cholesterol and Triglycerides in Cells and Tissues

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The levels of cholesterol and triglyceride in cellular or tumor tissues (from nude mice) were assessed using total cholesterol assay kit E1015 (Applygen Technologies Inc., Beijing, China) and triglyceride assay kit E1013 (Applygen Technologies Inc.). All experiments were performed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. In detail, 0.1 mL of lysis buffer was added to 1 × 106 cells, and then 10 µL lysis buffer was added to each 1 mg of tissue.
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9

Comprehensive Lipid Profiling Protocol

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The content of total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) in serum was measured using commercial assay kit (E1005 and E1003 respectively; Applygen Technologies, Inc. Beijing, China). Concentrations of LDL cholesterol (LDLC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) in serum were measured with respective assay kits (006340 and 006328, Beijing BHKT Clinical Reagent Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). The cholesterol and TG in liver was determined according to the instruction of a tissue commercial assay kit (E1015 and E1013 respectively; Applygen Technologies, Inc. Beijing, China). Hepatic and serum bile acid content was detected by enzymatic colorimetric methods according to a commercial bile acid assay kit (E003; Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China).
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10

Hepatic Cholesterol Quantification

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Hepatic total cholesterol and free cholesterol concentration were measured using a tissue total cholesterol assay kit (E1015; Applygen Technologies, Inc.) and free cholesterol assay kit (E1016; Applygen Technologies, Inc.) following the manufacturer's instructions. Cholesteryl ester was quantified by subtracting the free cholesterol values from the total cholesterol value.
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