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7 protocols using o cresolphthalein

1

Quantifying Calcium Deposition in MSC Microgels

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The o-cresolphthalein complex one (OCPC) method was used to quantify calcium deposition by the MSC in microgels as previously described14 (link). Briefly, the samples were homogenized in 1X Tris–EDTA buffer and centrifuged at 10,000g for 10 min. The supernatant was collected and mixed with a working solution containing 5% ethanolamine/boric acid buffer (Sigma), 5% o-cresolphthalein (Sigma), and 2% hydroxyquinoline (Sigma) in distilled water. The mixture was incubated at room temperature in the dark for 10 min, and the absorbance was read at 575 nm. CaCl2 (Sigma) dissolved in water at different concentrations served as standards. Microgels with HA in the formulation were excluded from this assay.
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2

Porcine Skin Barrier Evaluation

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Amino acids, o-cresolphthalein, calcium chloride, and gluconolactone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The porcine skin (Micropig, back skin, 2.5 × 2.5 cm2, 1 mm thickness) was obtained from MediKinetics (Pyeongtaek, South Korea). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was purchased from GIBCO (New York, USA). The human skin equivalent (Neoderm-E) was constructed by TEGO Science (Seoul, South Korea). The antibodies against Dsg1, Dsc1, and α-Tubulin were purchased from Thermo Fisher (MA, USA), Cloud-Clone (TX, USA), and Santa Cruz Biotechnology (MN, USA). The tape strip (D-Squame D100) for sampling stratum corneum was obtained from Cuderm (TX, USA). All other molecular biology reagents were purchased from commercial sources and were of analytical grade. The serine for human in vivo test was purchased from Evonik (Essen, Germany) and was of cosmetic grade. Human testing was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
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3

Branched PEI-Mediated BMP-2 Delivery

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Branched PEIs of 2 kDa and 25 kDa were acquired from Sigma. mTAT, the HIV-1 TAT (RKKRRQRRRR) covalently fused with ten histidine and two cysteine residues (C-5H-Tat-5H-C), was synthesized and obtained from Changxi Biology Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) substrate p-nitrophenol phosphate (p-NPP), 8-hydroxyquinoline, o-cresolphthalein, 2-amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol (AMP), dexamethasone, glycerophosphate, and ascorbic acid (AA) were also obtained from Sigma. The commercially available BMP-2 expression vector pCMV6-XL4-BMP2 was obtained from Origene (Rockville, MD). We obtained the blank (control) gWiz plasmid and its GFP expressing derivative gWiz-GFP from Aldevron Gene Therapy Systems, Inc. (San Diego, US). A CyQUANT cell proliferation kit was from Molecular Probes (Portland, OR). A BMP-2 ELISA kit was obtained from Wuhan Boster (Wuhan Boster, PR China). Phospho-Smad1/5/8 primary antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, US).
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4

Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Calcification

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VSMCs were seeded at 1563 cells/cm2 and cultured to semiconfluency. To mimic T2D conditions and induce calcification, VSMCs were treated with calcifying media or normal media for 12 days. Calcification was determined by Alizarin red stain (2% Alizarin red stain [A5533; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO] in water, pH 4.1) and o-cresolphthalein (C85778; Sigma-Aldrich) as previously described.31 (link) For Alizarin red stain, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 10 minutes, stained with Alizarin red for 30 minutes, and destained with water (3×5 minutes).
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5

Quantifying Calcium Deposition in AD-MSC Microgels

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The o-cresolphthalein complex one (OCPC) method was used to quantify calcium deposition by the AD-MSC on microgels as previously described (26 (link)). Briefly, the samples were homogenized through sonication in 1X Tris-HCl buffer and centrifuged at 10,000 g for 10 min. The supernatant was then collected and mixed with a working solution containing 5% ethanolamine/boric acid buffer (Sigma), 5% o-cresolphthalein (Sigma), and 2% hydroxyquinoline (Sigma) in DI water. The mixture was incubated at room temperature in the dark for 10 min, and the absorbance was read at 575 nm. CaCl2 (Sigma) dissolved in DI water at different concentrations served as standards.
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6

Biochemical Assays Utilizing Common Laboratory Reagents

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Cadmium chloride (CdCl 2, 99%), silver nitrate (AgNO 3, 99.9%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH 2 PO 4 , 99.5%), dibasic potassium phosphate (K 2 HPO 4, 99.95%), ascorbic acid (vitamin C, 99.9%), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, 99.0%), 2thiobarbituric acid (TBA, 97.0%), salicylic acid (C₇H₆O₃, 95.5%), 5,5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB, 98.28%), 4-nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT, 99.9%), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 , 99.9%), ethanolamine (C 2 H 7 NO, 99%), o-cresolphthalein (C 22 H 18 O 4 , 95%), 8-hydroxyquinoline (C 9 H 7 NO, 99.99%), sodium potassium tartrate (KNaC 4 H 4 O 6 .4H 2 O, 99%), sodium iodide (NaI, 99%) potassium iodide (KI, 99.99%), copper sulphate (CuSO₄,98%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH 99.99%), imidazole (C 3 H 4 N 2 , 99%), pyruvic acid (C 3 H 4 O 3 , 99%), Tris pH 7.8 (C 4 H 11 NO 3 , 99.9%), L-alanine (C 3 H 7 NO 2 , 99%), diethanolamine pH 10.4 (C 4 H 11 NO 2 , 90%), chloroform (CHCl 3 , 94%) and magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 , 98%) were from Sigma-Aldrich.
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7

Microcystin-LR Degradation Protocol

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Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, Michigan, MI, USA) and a stock solution of 50 mg/mL was made by diluting 100 μg lyophilized film of MC-LR (as supplied) using 2 mL of methanol, stored at -20 °C. Crystal violet and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, (Ontario, Canada). Various reagents for preparing the stock solution of iron, magnesium and copper (divalent form) including: ferrous ammonium sulphate hexahydrate (iron source), o-phenanthroline, magnesium sulphate (magnesium source), o-cresolphthalein, barium chloride, ethylenediamine tetraacetate, potassium cyanide, and copper sulphate pentahydrate (copper source), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, (Ontario, Canada). Quartz sand used as the filter media was obtained from Chemin Ste-Foy DWTP, Quebec City, Canada. MC-degraders: Arthrobacter ramosus (NRRL B-3159), Bacillus sp. (NRRL B-14393) and Sphingomonas sp.
(NRRL B-59555) were purchased from NRRL Agricultural Research Service (ARS) culture collection. All the analytical reagents used in preparing nutrient and culture media, LC-MS grade solvents and reagents used to prepare analytical mobile phases, were purchased from Fisher Scientific, (Ontario, Canada).
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