Udp glucuronic acid

4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethylfuran-3(2H)-one (HDMF), 2 (or 5)-ethyl-4-hydroxy-5 (or 2)-methylfuran-3(2H)-one (EHMF), 4-hydroxy-5-methylfuran-3(2H)-one (HMF), naringenin, eugenol, vanillic acid, salicylic acid, 1-naphthol, farnesol, sorbic acid, nerolidol, geraniol, fisetin, vanillin, chlorogenic acid, 2-naphthol, caffeic acid, methyl salicylate, ferulic acid, 1-octanol, and myricetin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and UDP-glucuronic acid were purchased from Promega (Madison, USA). UDP-Xylose was purchased from Angfei Biotech Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China).

Chemicals and reagents were obtained from the same sources as before [27 (link)]. Glucose, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium chloride, and potassium hydrogen phthalate were purchased from Chemart Chemical (Tianjin, China). Biotin, agar, calcium chloride monohydrate, citric acid, copper sulphate, ferric chloride, boric acid, potassium chloride, potassium iodide, manganese sulphate, magnesium chloride, molybdenum oxide, adenine, histidine, leucine, uracil, sodium pantothenate, nicotinic acid, thiamine, and zinc sulfate heptahydrate were from Kermel Chemical (Tianjin, China); Tris-HCl was from AKZ-Biotech (Tianjin, China), and yeast extract, yeast nitrogen base, malt extract, and glycerol were from Dingguo (Tianjin, China); Triton-X100 was from Leagene (Beijing, China); white 96-well microtiter plates were from Nunc (Thermo-fisher scientific, Lagenselbold, Germany). The NADPH regeneration system, Luciferin-H (probe for CYP2C9), Luciferin-ME EGE (probe for CYP2D6), Light Detection reagent (LDR), Light Detection reagent with Esterase (LDRE), UGT-Glo substrate A, UDP-glucuronic acid, and d-cysteine were all from Promega (Madison, USA). Luciferin-4FBE (synthesized in-house as described [23 (link)]) was used as a probe substrate for CYP4Z1. All other chemicals and reagents used were of the highest grade available.