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13 protocols using alexa fluor anti rabbit 680

1

Western Blot Analysis of HDAC4

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All pre-treated samples were washed with PBS and lysed in lysis buffer (M-PER, Life Technologies, Waltham, MA, USA) plus protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) for 30 min on ice. The lysates were centrifuged at 12,000× g for 15 min at 4 °C. The supernatants were collected and the protein concentrations were determined using BCA assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). After being heated for 5 min at 95 °C, equal proteins(30 µg) for each sample were separated by 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and then transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane (Whatman, Lafayette, CO, USA) for 70 min at 100 V. The membrane was blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) in Tris-buffered saline-Tween 20 (0.1%) (TBS-T) for 1 h and incubated with anti-HDAC4 or anti-actin antibodies (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) at 4 °C overnight. On the next day the membrane was incubated with anti-rabbit-Alexa Fluor 680 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) for 1 h at room temperature. The blots were scanned using an Odyssey fluorescence scanner (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA). The band intensity was quantified using the Odyssey software.
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2

Quantifying HDAC4 Expression in Chondrocytes

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Total protein was extracted from human articular chondrocytes 48 h post-transfection of miR-365 mimic or inhibitor and their controls. Equal amounts of cell lysates were loaded in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane, as described previously [21 (link)]. Immunoblotting was coupled with fluorescent signal detection using an Odyssey fluorescence scanner (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA). The following antibodies were used for this study: anti-HDAC4 antibody and anti-tubulin antibody purchased from Santa Cruz biotechnology, anti-mouse-IRDye800 (Roche; Rockland Immunochemicals, Gilbertsville, PA, USA) and anti-rabbit-Alexa Fluor 680 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA).
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3

Chondrocyte Protein Extraction and Western Blot

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Total protein extracts of transfected chondrocytes or chondrocytes isolated from rib cage of miR‐146a−/− mice at age of P5 were prepared for Western blot analysis as previously described (Yang et al., 2016). The following antibodies were used for this study: anti‐NOTCH1 (Abcam); anti‐tubulin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Santa Cruz, CA); and anti‐mouse‐IRDye800 and anti‐rabbit‐Alexa Fluor 680 (Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR).
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4

Human PD-L1 Expression Quantification

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Primary antibody: Anti-human PD-L1 (E1L3N) (cell signaling technology, cat. 13684T). Secondary Antibody: Anti-Rabbit Alexa Fluor 680 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. A10043).
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5

Western Blot Sample Preparation

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Cell culture homogenates for western blot analyzes from were obtained by collecting the cells in ice-cold PBS 1×. Cells were homogenized with a 25G-syringe in lysis buffer (50 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 2 mM sodium orthovanadate, 100 mM NaF, 20 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 1% NP-40, and protease inhibitors Mini protease tablet (Roche)) and centrifuging them at 700 × g for 10 min and 4 °C to remove nuclei, cell debris and floating cells. Mouse skeletal muscle, liver, kidney and heart tissues were homogenized in lysis buffer with a Minibeadbeater (Biospec) twice for 30 sec, incubated for 1 h at 4 °C in an orbital shaker, and then centrifuged for 15 min at 10,000 × g. Supernatants were aliquoted and kept at −20 °C.
Proteins from total homogenates were solved in 10%, 12.5%, or 15% acrylamide gels for SDS-PAGE and transferred to Immobilon membranes (Millipore). Primary antibodies used are specified in Table S1. Secondary antibodies used included donkey anti-mouse HRP (715-035-150, Jackson Laboratories) and donkey anti-rabbit HRP (711-035-152, Jackson Laboratories), donkey anti-rat HRP (760–4457, Roche), goat anti-mouse DyLight 800 (SA535521, Invitrogen), goat anti-mouse IRDye 680LT (35518, Licor Biosciences), goat anti-rabbit DyLight 800 (SA535571, ThermoFisher), goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 680 (A-21076, ThermoFisher).
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6

Human PD-L1 Expression Quantification

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Primary antibody: Anti-human PD-L1 (E1L3N) (cell signaling technology, cat. 13684T). Secondary Antibody: Anti-Rabbit Alexa Fluor 680 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, cat. A10043).
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Proteins

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Whole cell extracts were prepared in 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP40, 10 mM NaF, 10% Glycerol, supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Cat. No. 04693116001) and quantitated using a BCA approach. 60 μg of protein, or 40 μl of conditioned media, was run on 10% acrylamide gels and transferred onto nitrocellulose membrane. Western blots were imaged on radiography film or by a LI-COR Odyssey system. actin or vinculin served as loading controls. Primary antibodies: phospho-Akt (Ser473; Cell Signaling Technology, Cat. No. 4060S), pan-Akt, (Life Technologies, Cat. No. 44609G), androgen receptor (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat. No. sc-816), SEMA3C (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat. No. sc-27796), GATA2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat. No. sc-9008), FOXA1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat. No. sc-6553), POU2F1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Cat. No.s sc-232, sc-8024; Cell Signaling Technology, Cat. No. 4428S), actin (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. A2066), and vinculin (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. V4505). Secondary antibodies: anti-rabbit alexa fluor 680 (Invitrogen, Cat. No. A21109), anti-mouse alexa fluor 680 (Invitrogen, Cat. No. A21058), anti-goat alexa fluor 680 (Invitrogen, Cat. No. A21084), anti-rabbit HRP (Dako, Cat. No. P0448), anti-mouse HRP (Dako, Cat. No. P0447), and anti-goat HRP (Dako, Cat. No. P0160).
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8

Western Blot Analysis of Prostate Cancer Markers

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Lysis buffer contained 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP40, 10 mM NaF, 10% Glycerol, and protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, ON, Canada. Cat. No. 04693116001). Western blots were imaged by a LI-COR Odyssey system. Loading controls were run on the same blots. Primary antibodies include: AR (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, TX, USA. Cat. No. sc-816), PSA (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA. Cat. No. 5877), SEMA3C (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat. No. sc-27796), AKR1C3 (Abcam, ON, Canada. Cat. No. ab49680), HSD3B2 (Abnova, ON, Canada. Cat. No. 3284-mo2), HSD17B3 (Abnova Cat. No. 29–119), FASN (Cell Signaling Technology. Cat. No. 3180), HMGCS1 (Cell Signaling Technology. Cat. No. 36877), SREBP-1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Cat. No. sc-13551), UGT2B17 (Abcam. Cat. No. ab126269) and actin (Sigma-Aldrich, ON, Canada. Cat. No. A2066). Secondary antibodies were anti-rabbit alexa fluor 680 (Invitrogen, Cat. No. A21109), anti-mouse alexa fluor 680 (Invitrogen, Cat. No. A21058), anti-goat alexa fluor 680 (Invitrogen, Cat. No. A21084).
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9

Immunoblotting Analysis of Metabolic Proteins

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For immunoblotting analysis, ~ 50 mg of frozen tissue was homogenized in 200 μl Lysis buffer (details in Online Supplement), using the Tissue Lyser II (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA). Tissue lysates were resolved on SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA). Primary and secondary antibodies used are summarized in the table below:
AntigenCompany~Size (kDa)
GLUT1Millipore (Billerica, MA)55Rabbit
GLUT4Millipore50Rabbit
Phospho AKT (Ser 473)Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA)60Rabbit
AktCell Signaling60Mouse
Phospho AMPK (Thr 172)Cell Signaling62Rabbit
AMPKαCell Signaling62Mouse
IRDye 800CW anti-Mouse (LICOR, Lincoln, NE) and Alexa fluor anti-Rabbit 680 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) were used as secondary antibodies and fluorescence was quantified using the LICOR Odyssey imager (Li-COR, Lincoln, NE).
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10

Quantifying Mitochondrial Protein Expression

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Cells were homogenized in cell lysis buffer (30 mmol/L HEPES [pH 7.4], 1% NP-40, 1 mmol/L EDTA, 1 mmol/L dithiothreitol, 10% glycerol, and protease inhibitor cocktail [Sigma, St. Louis, MO]). The protein concentration was measured using a Micro BCA Protein Assay Reagent (Pierce, Rockford, IL). The protein extracts were resolved by SDS-PAGE and electrotransferred onto an Immobilon polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Millipore, Bedford, MA). The membranes were probed with the following primary antibodies: MnSOD; Tom20 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); succinate dehydrogenase subunit A (SDHA), phospho–dynamin-related protein (DRP1) (Ser637), DRP1, mitofusin 1 (MFN-1), TXNIP, GLUT1, GAPDH, and tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA); 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) (Abcam, Cambridge, MA); and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) (R&D Systems). Alexa Fluor anti-rabbit 680 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and anti-mouse 800 (VWR International, West Chester, PA) were used as the secondary antibodies. Fluorescence was quantified by using the Odyssey imager (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE).
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