Analytical grade acetic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Australia

Analytical-grade acetic acid is a high-purity chemical compound used in laboratory settings. It serves as a versatile solvent and reagent for various analytical and experimental procedures.

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14 protocols using analytical grade acetic acid

Aloe vera Intramammary Formulations

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The Aloe vera freeze-dried gel powder used to prepare the intramammary formulations was purchased from America Inc. (District Court, Scottsdale, AZ, USA). The cloxacillin and ceftiofur standards were of 99% purity and sourced from Dr. Ehrenstorfer^® (Augsburg, Germany). As for aloin A and aloin B standards, these were of 87 and 92.9% purity, respectively and were manufactured by ChromaDex Inc. (Irvine, CA, USA).
Other reagents, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol, analytical-grade acetic acid, analytical-grade ethyl acetate, analytical-grade ethanol, analytical-grade acetonitrile, analytical-grade hexane, analytical-grade acetic acid, analytical-grade sodium chloride, and analytical-grade sodium sulfate were sourced from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Forno-Bell N., Munoz M.A., Chacón O., Pachá P., Iragüen D., Cornejo J, & San Martín B. (2021). Efficacy Prediction of Four Pharmaceutical Formulations for Intramammary Administration Containing Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Combined With Ceftiofur or Cloxacillin in Lactating Cows as an Alternative Therapy to Treat Mastitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 8, 572568.

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Quantification of Boswellia Triterpenoids

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All chemicals and reagents used in study were of high purity. HPLC grade acetonitrile and methanol were from Merck, India and HPLC grade water was from milli-Q water purification system. Analytical grade acetic acid from Merck India was used in the mobile phase whereas HPLC grade methanol was used for sample preparation. All the six triterpenoic acids, used as standards in the study, were isolated from the gum resin of Boswellia serrata. The purity of BA’s was established by HPLC whereas identity of these compounds was established by ESI–MS. The gum resin samples of Boswellia serrata were procured from local market of Ahmedabad city -Gujarat state of India and a specimen voucher of the samples was deposited in herbarium of the institute. Ultrasonication bath used was from Elma Sonic (Elma S 100 H) Singen, Germany.

Sharma N., Bhardwaj V., Singh S., Ali S.A., Gupta D.K., Paul S., Satti N.K., Chandra S, & Verma M.K. (2016). Simultaneous quantification of triterpenoic acids by high performance liquid chromatography method in the extracts of gum resin of Boswellia serrata obtained by different extraction techniques. Chemistry Central Journal, 10, 49.

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Analytical Characterization of Chemical Compounds

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Melting points were recorded on the digital
melting point apparatus B-542 (Buchi). UV spectra were measured with
a Shimadzu UV-2600 UV–vis spectrophotometer, and the IR spectra
were obtained with Perkin Elmer FT-IR, Spectrum Two. ¹H
and ¹³C spectroscopic data were recorded on Bruker-Advance
DPX FT-NMR 500 and 400 MHz instruments (125 MHz for ¹³C
NMR). LCESIMS data were acquired on an Agilent UHD-6540 LCMS/MS (HRMS)
system. All the chromatographic purifications were performed on silica
gel (#60–120 or #100–200 from E. Merck, Germany), SupelcoDiaion
HP-20SS, USA, and Sephadex LH-20 from Sigma Aldrich. High-purity chemicals
and reagents were used throughout the study. LCMS- and HPLC-grade
methanol from Merck, India, HPLC-grade water from the Milli-Q water
purification system, and analytical-grade acetic acid from Merck,
India, were used for the analytical portions of the study. Rolipram,
phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), DMEM, and carrageenan were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich. LPS E. coli serotype
0111:B4 and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT) were from Calbiochem. Fetal bovine serum was obtained
from GIBCO Invitrogen Corporation. All the ELISA kits were bought
from Invitrogen. The Griess reagent was purchased from Promega, and
anticoagulant tubes were purchased from BD Biosciences.

Sharma N., Khajuria V., Gupta S., Kumar C., Sharma A., Lone N.A., Paul S., Meena S.R., Ahmed Z., Satti N.K, & Verma M.K. (2021). Dereplication Based Strategy for Rapid Identification and Isolation of a Novel Anti-inflammatory Flavonoid by LCMS/MS from Colebrookea oppositifolia. ACS Omega, 6(45), 30241-30259.

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Quantitative Analysis of D-Fagomine

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A D-fagomine standard (assay > 98%) was provided by Bioglane (Barcelona, Spain). DNJ was from Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK). DMDP (2,5-hydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine), the internal standard, was purchased from IRL (Lower Hutt, New Zealand). Lichrosolv grade methanol, together with analytical grade acetic acid and ammonium hydroxide were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). HPLC-grade water (Millipore type I water from Merck) was used to prepare all of the aqueous solutions. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges for sample purification were Spe-ed, SCX (strong cation exchange) cartridges, 100 mg/mL from Applied Separations (Allentown, PA, USA). Nylon filters (0.45 m) were obtained from Scharlab (Sentmenat, Spain).
Microvette® CB 300 K2E Di-kalium-EDTA tubes were from Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany), the gastric probe was from Harvard Apparatus (Holliston, MA, USA); and 25 G needles were from Novico Médica (Barcelona, Spain).

Amézqueta S., Ramos-Romero S., Martínez-Guimet C., Moreno A., Hereu M, & Torres J.L. (2017). Fate of d-Fagomine after Oral Administration to Rats. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 65(22).

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Quantification of Bioactive Compounds

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The marker compound glycyrrhizin was purchased from ChemFaces Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China); atractylenolide I, ferulic acid, and decursinol angelate were purchased from Biopurify Phytochemicals (Chengdu, China); and liquiritin apioside, liquiritin, and decursin were purchased from Sunny Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The chemical structures of compounds are shown in Figure 1. The purity of them was ≥98.0% according to HPLC analysis. HPLC-grade acetonitrile, methanol, and water were purchased from J. T. Baker Chemical Co. (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), and analytical-grade acetic acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Kim Y.J., Jeong S.J., Seo C.S., Lim H.S., Sohn E., Yun J, & Kim B.Y. (2018). Simultaneous Determination of the Traditional Herbal Formula Ukgansan and the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Ferulic Acid as an Active Compound. Molecules : A Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry, 23(7), 1659.

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Quantification of Catechins and Related Compounds

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Standards for catechins and related compounds were used in this work. Catechins and other related compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, Missouri, MO, USA): (+)-catechin (C), (−)-gallocatechin (GC), (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)-epicatechin (EC), (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (−)-gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), gallic acid (GA), and caffeine (Caf.). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol, including ethyl acetate, were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Analytical-grade acetic acid (Sigma-Aldrich) and orthophosphoric acid (BDH, Poole, U.K.) were also purchased. HPLC-grade water (18 MΩ) was prepared using a Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Millipore Corp. Bedford, MA, USA) and used to prepare all solutions.

Wangkarn S., Grudpan K., Khanongnuch C., Pattananandecha T., Apichai S, & Saenjum C. (2021). Development of HPLC Method for Catechins and Related Compounds Determination and Standardization in Miang (Traditional Lanna Fermented Tea Leaf in Northern Thailand). Molecules, 26(19), 6052.

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Metabolomic Profiling Reagent Procurement

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High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform and 2-propanol were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). HPLC-grade water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). Analytical grade acetic acid and commercial standards used for biomarker identification were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Internal standards (IS) including Arachidonic acid-d8, 15(S)-HETE-d8, Leukotriene-B4-d4 and Platelet-activating factor C-16-d4 (PAF C-16-d4) were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) [18 (link)].

Yan B., Chu H., Yang D., Sze K.H., Lai P.M., Yuan S., Shuai H., Wang Y., Kao R.Y., Chan J.F, & Yuen K.Y. (2019). Characterization of the Lipidomic Profile of Human Coronavirus-Infected Cells: Implications for Lipid Metabolism Remodeling upon Coronavirus Replication. Viruses, 11(1), 73.

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Tetrodontoxin Analysis Protocol

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For the TTX analysis, the standard TTX toxin (Alomone Labs, Jerusalem, Israel) was used with its free base form. To extract TTX from the tissue samples, analytical-grade acetic acid was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Mass spectrometry-grade formic acid (Fluka, Buchs, Germany) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were used to prepare the HPLC mobile phases. Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Kim J.H., Kim D.W., Cho S.R., Lee K.J, & Mok J.S. (2023). Tetrodotoxin and the Geographic Distribution of the Blue-Lined Octopus Hapalochlaena fasciata on the Korean Coast. Toxins, 15(4), 279.

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Inulin from Chicory Root Protocol

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Inulin from chicory root was sourced from Pharmako Biotechnologies (Frenchs Forrest, Australia). Inulin sourced from chicory, inulin from Dahlia tubers, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) tablets, 2-ethyl butyrate, analytical-grade acetic acid, butyric acid, and propionic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Castle-Hill, Australia). Five-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were obtained from the Animal Resource Centre (Perth, Australia). Ultra-pure Milli-Q water was used throughout all studies.

Ariaee A., Wardill H.R., Wignall A., Prestidge C.A, & Joyce P. (2024). The Degree of Inulin Polymerization Is Important for Short-Term Amelioration of High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Rats. Foods, 13(7), 1039.

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Analytical Grade Reagents for PPCP Analysis

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Analytical grade acetic acid was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Castle Hill, Australia). Analytical grade hydrochloric acid 32% was purchased from Univar (Ingleburn, Australia). Water was purified through a MilliQ system (Millipore, 0.22 μm filtered, 18.2 mΩ cm -1 ). High purity PPCP native and labelled analytical standards were purchased from various suppliers as outlined in the SI. Calibration standards were prepared in MilliQ water. Liquid chromatography grade methanol was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Mobile phases were filtered using Sartorius Stedim 0.45 µm RC filters (Goettingen, Germany).

O'Brien J.W., Banks A.P., Novic A.J., Mueller J.F., Jiang G., Ort C., Eaglesham G., Yuan Z, & Thai P.K. (2017). Impact of in-Sewer Degradation of Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) Population Markers on a Population Model. Environmental science & technology, 51(7).

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