Ethanol

Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O), sodium citrate, L-methionine, L-tryptophan, L-histidine were purchased from J&K Chemical Ltd. (Beijing, China). Ethanol, acetic acid, propanoic acid, lactic acid, butanoic acid, isobutanoic acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, benzoic acid, 1-propanol, isobutanol, isoamylol, acetaldehyde, acetal, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl lactate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl heptanoate were purchased from Energy Chemical Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade. All the flavor compound solutions were prepared with 52% Ethanol.
LZ1–LZ8 were provided by Luzhou Laojiao Co. Ltd. (Luzhou, China), and other SAB samples were purchased from specialty stores in China. Milli-Q water (18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹) was used for all the experiments.
Transparent 96-well microplates (Costar 3599) were purchased from Corning Incorporated.

Human serum albumin (HSA, ≥ 98%), Bovine serum albumin (BSA, ≥ 98%), β-Lactoglobulin from bovine blood (β-LG, ≥ 90%), L-Cysteine (Cys, ≥ 98%), IR-780 ( ≥ 98%), and anhydrous dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥ 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. ICG (modified) for human injection was purchased from Dandong Yichuang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. IR-808 ( ≥ 95%) was purchased from Beijing Zhongying Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cyanine5 NHS ester (Cy5, ≥ 99%) was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Recombinant human albumin domain I (DI, ≥ 95%), recombinant human albumin domain II (DII, ≥ 95%), and recombinant human albumin domain III (DIII, ≥ 95%) were purchased from Albumin Therapeutics LLC. Benzo[cd]indol-2(1H)-one, phosphorus pentasulfide, pyridine, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), methyl iodide, acetone, methanol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4,6-dione, ethanol, triethylamine, ethyl iodide, N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), potassium carbonate, concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), potassium iodide, acetic acid, acetic anhydride, 1-iodopropane, 1,4-butylenesulfone, potassium hydroxide, N-methylpyrrolidone(NMP), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl pyridine (DTBMP), toluene, 1-butanol, and ethyl 6-bromohexanoate were purchased from Energy Chemical.

1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate (C₁₀H₁₅OF₆N₆P, HATU, 99.5%), AlCl₃·6H₂O (98%), diisopropylamine (98%), benzyltriethylammonium chloride (99%), 1-benzylimidazole (98%), toluene (99.5%), ethanol (99.7%), acetonitrile (99%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.5%) and pyridine (99.5%) were purchased from Energy Chemical, Vetec™, Alfa Aesar, Shanghai Dahe Chemical and Tansoole Company. All reagents were of analytical or reagent grades and used without further purification. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ cm) was obtained from a F’DEER water purification system.

All the chemicals were used as received without further purification. Commercial Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃ was purchased from Sichuan Shutai Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, > 96%), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (>99%), and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB, >98%) were purchased from TCI. Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃•6H₂O, reagent grade), nickel nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO₃)₂•6H₂O, ≥97%), N¹-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (≥98%), and PSSMA [poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt] were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Sodium acetate anhydrous (99%), hydrochloric acid (36%–38%, analytical reagent), ethylene glycol (99.5%), ethanol (GR, ≥99.8%), and ammonium hydroxide solution (NH₃•H₂O, 28 wt %) were purchased from Energy Chemical, Enox, J&K scientific, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, and Macklin, respectively. Milli-Q water (Millipore, 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C) was used in all experiments.

1,3-Dibromopropane (98%), N,N-dimethylformamide (99.9%), ethanol, 3-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)propionic acid (98%), 1,3-dibromo-2-propanol (95%), and epoxides were of analyzed grades and purchased from Energy Chemical (Shanghai, China). TIB (98%) was obtained from Alchemy Co. Ltd. CO₂ was obtained from a local manufacturer with a purity of 99.9%.