Human serum samples

TBA and the complementary strand of TBA were purchased from Alpha DNA (Montreal, Canada). Calf thymus dsDNA and thrombin (100 Unit, 50 μg, mol wt.: 34.7 kDa) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee, IL, USA) Sunfine Global provided Sun-Fine-Chem (SFC) green and camel green for the research (Cheongju, South Korea). Bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate (TPCO) and 4-Methylimidazole were purchased from TCI America (Portland, OR, USA). 4′,6-Diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), bisBenzimide H 33258 (Hoechst 33258), and bisBenzimide H 33342 trihydrochloride (Hoechst 33342) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Fluorogenic substrate (Benzoyl-Phe-Val-Arg-AMC, HCl, 25 mg) of thrombin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Additional buffers and chemicals (ACS grade) used in this research were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Several types of coagulation factors (e.g., thrombin, Va, Xa) and proteins (e.g., prothrombin, V, fibrinogen) were purchased from Prolytix (Essex Junction, VT, USA). Human serum samples were purchased from Innovative Research (Novi, MI, USA).