Xad7hp

DP94 was cultivated in 50 mL test tubes containing 30 mL of TY medium (10 g yeast extract, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 16 g tryptone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and 5 g NaCl (Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 L. The test tube was shaken on an orbital shaker New Brunswick Innova 42^® (110 rpm) at 25 °C for 72 h. Five liters of liquid TY medium were then inoculated with 60 mL of the test tubes culture in bioreactor Bioflo 115 (7.5 L, New Brunswick, Edison, NJ, USA). Growth parameters were fixed at 25 °C, aeration 0.4 vvm, dissolved oxygen percentage (DO) at 40% and stirring in cascade mode with DO (limited between 200 and 400 rpm), and pH was not controlled. After 4 days of culture, the medium was centrifuged at 3500 rpm (Thermo scientific Sorvall ST40R, ThermoFisher scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) during 15 min at 4 °C. The bacterial residue was frozen at −18 °C before further use. Forty grams of sterile resin XAD-7-HP (Sigma-Aldrich) were added for 1 L of supernatant medium before being shaken during 4 h using the same conditions (25 °C, 110 rpm).

PNSE was obtained as previously
described.^{24 (link)} Briefly, 1 g of PNS was extracted
at room temperature
with 2 × 10 mL of ethanol/water (6:4 v/v) for 30 min. 4042D PLA
(94% l-lactic acid) was from NatureWorks LLC. Unstabilized
linear low-density DJM1826 PE (2.5 g × 10 min^–1 melt flow index) was purchased from Versalis. Anthocyanins were
extracted from red wine pomace, black currant, and blackberry juice
by adsorption on XAD7 HP (Sigma-Aldrich) and further purification
on membrane adsorber Sartobind S IEX 150 mL (Sartorius Stedim Biotech).^{33 (link)} Red Delicious apples and bilberry juice (>40%
fruit content) were purchased from local shops. All reagents and solvents
were of analytical grade (Sigma-Aldrich).