Hydrochloride acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany, United States, Spain

Hydrochloric acid is a chemical compound with the formula HCl. It is a colorless, corrosive liquid that is used in various industrial and laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Close spelling variants of this product

5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (9 citations) L-glutamic acid hydrochloride (5 citations) 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) (4 citations) L-Glutamic acid γ-(p-nitroanilide) hydrochloride (3 citations) Hydrochlorides (2 citations) L-aspartic acid dimethyl ester hydrochloride (methyl aspartate) (2 citations) 3-amino phenyl boronic acid (APBA) hydrochloride (2 citations) L-glutamic acid dimethyl ester hydrochloride (2 citations) Hydrochloride acid (HCl (2 citations)

40 protocols using hydrochloride acid

Quantitative Analysis of Dex, Lid, and Ket

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Formic acid (FA) and analytical reference standard of Lid and Ket were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland). Dex was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Acetonitrile (ACN) and water were purchased from Merck (Massachusetts, USA) and were of LC-MS grade. HPLC vials, screwcaps and inlets were purchased from BGB (Boeckten, Switzerland).
Hydrochloride acid, EDTA 0.1 M (Titrisol^® Triplex III) and calcium carbonate were obtained from Merck (Massachusetts, USA), ammonia solution 25% from VWR Chemicals (Pennsylvania, USA) and ammonium chloride from Sigma Aldrich (Buchs, Switzerland). These substances were used for titration of magnesium sulfate.
For all experiments, Gilson pipettes and Gilson DIAMOND tips were used (Mettmenstetten, Switzerland). pH meter was calibrated using commercially available standards (ROTI^® Calipure) from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany).

Schenkel L., Vogel Kahmann I, & Steuer C. (2021). Opioid-Free Anesthesia: Physico Chemical Stability Studies on Multi-Analyte Mixtures Intended for Use in Clinical Anesthesiology. Hospital Pharmacy, 57(2), 246-252.

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Surface Functionalized Silica Synthesis

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Syloid XDP 3050 (SYL-0) was manufactured and kindly provided by Grace Materials Technologies (Grace GmbH, Worms, Germany). TMCS, n-hexane, hydrochloride acid, monosodium phosphate, 85% w/w phosphoric acid and LDME (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride), LD (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) and 96% w/w acetic acid were manufactured by Merck Ltd. (Darmstadt, Germany). Potassium hydroxide and methanol were purchased from manufacturer VWR International Ltd. (Radnor, PA, USA).

Kiss T., Katona G., Mérai L., Janovák L., Deák Á., Kozma G., Kónya Z, & Ambrus R. (2021). Development of a Hydrophobicity-Controlled Delivery System Containing Levodopa Methyl Ester Hydrochloride Loaded into a Mesoporous Silica. Pharmaceutics, 13(7), 1039.

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Sodium Hyaluronate Crosslinking Protocol

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Sodium hyaluronate (Mw: 1.5 to 2.2 million Da) was purchased from Acros Organics (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Glutaraldehyde (GA) 50% aqueous solution, urea (UR), ethanol (EtOH), 2-propanol and hydrochloride acid (HCl) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Lysozyme (Muramidase), from hen egg white, was from VWR Chemical (VWR International GmbH, Langenfeld, Germany). Potassium phosphate pH 7.5 was used as a buffer. Deionized water (Milli-Q) was used throughout the sample preparation and purification procedure.

Nikjoo D., van der Zwaan I., Brülls M., Tehler U, & Frenning G. (2021). Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Controlled Pulmonary Drug Delivery—A Particle Engineering Approach. Pharmaceutics, 13(11), 1878.

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Cholinesterase Inhibitory Assay Protocol

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For the cholinesterase inhibitory test assays, DTNB (5,5-dithiobis-[2-nitrobenzoic acid]) (99.9%) and standard anticholinesterase compound galanthamine hydrobromide (>99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). The electric eel acetylcholinesterase (AChE, Type-VI-S, EC 3.1.1.7, 425.84 U/mg) and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE, EC 3.1.1.8, 11.4 U/mg) were purchased from Sigma (Steinheim, Germany). The substrate of AChE, acetylthiocholine iodide (>99%) from Applichem (Darmstadt, Germany), and the substrate of BuChE, butyrylthiocholine iodide (>99%) from Fluka (Steinheim, Germany) were purchased.
The chemicals and solvents, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, ethanol, methanol, butanol, and silica gel for column chromatography (1.07734) and silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates (1.05554), potassium hydroxide, sodium sulphate, hydrochloride acid, and diethyl ether were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Gazioglu I., Semen S., Acar O.O., Kolak U., Sen A, & Topcu G. (2020). Triterpenoids and steroids isolated from Anatolian Capparis ovata and their activity on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Pharmaceutical Biology, 58(1), 925-931.

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Polyphenol Extraction and Analysis

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M ethanol (≥ 99.9%), formic acid (≥ 98%), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloride acid (37%), sodium acetate trihydrate (CH₃COONa·3H₂O) and trifluoroacetic acid (99%) (Merck, Darmstadt Germany); Gallic acid (≥ 98%), Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent, ethanol (≥ 99.8%), pepsin, pancreatin, bile salts, acetonitrile (99.8%) and sodium bicarbonate (Sigma-Aldrich Steinheim Germany), and potassium chloride (KCl) obtained from Riedel–de Haen (Hannover, Germany) were used. Kuromanin chloride (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, ≥ 96%) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) and chlorogenic acid (≥ 98%) from Fluka Chemie (Buchs, Switzerland); quercetin-3-β-d-glucoside (≥ 98%) and callistephin chloride (pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) as HPLC standards.

Oksuz T., Tacer-Caba Z., Nilufer-Erdil D, & Boyacioglu D. (2019). Changes in bioavailability of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) phenolics and anthocyanins when consumed with dairy food matrices. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56(9), 4177-4188.

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Acid Leaching and Cleaning of Digestion Vessels

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All digestion vessels (polytetrafluoroethylene) were cleaned by leaching with hot 10 mL aqua regia (mixture of HNO₃ and HCl at the ratio of 3:1) at 90 °C for a minimum of 2 h according to the European Norm 3051A²⁸. The cleanup was then completed following the recommendations by Westerhoff et al.^{17 (link)}. All volumetric wares, including glass calibrate cylinders, were carefully acid washed and rinsed following the same recommendations. The nitric acid and hydrochloride acid were analytical grade (Merck KGaA, Darmstardt Germany).

Suanon F., Sun Q., Yang X., Chi Q., Mulla S.I., Mama D, & Yu C.P. (2017). Assessment of the occurrence, spatiotemporal variations and geoaccumulation of fifty-two inorganic elements in sewage sludge: A sludge management revisit. Scientific Reports, 7, 5698.

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Enzymatic Synthesis of Fatty Acid Esters

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Polylactic acid (PLA, Mw = 68 kDa), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mw = 360 kDa), lipase from Candida rugosa (CrL), lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (RmL), palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), hydrochloride acid (HCl 37%, w/w), m ethanol, toluene, hexane, ethanol, sodium phosphate monobasic, deuterated chloroform (CDCl₃), dichloromethane (DCM), dimethylformamide (DMF), methyl heptadecanoate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Nadifloxacin was obtained from TCI (Rockenberg, Germany). In all cases, the water was purified by a Millipore Milli Q water purification system (Bradford, MA, USA).

Balogh-Weiser D., Molnár A., Tóth G.D., Koplányi G., Szemes J., Decsi B., Katona G., Salamah M., Ender F., Kovács A., Berkó S., Budai-Szűcs M, & Balogh G.T. (2023). Combined Nanofibrous Face Mask: Co-Formulation of Lipases and Antibiotic Agent by Electrospinning Technique. Pharmaceutics, 15(4), 1174.

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Amyloid-β (1–40) Preparation and Characterization

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Synthetic amyloid-β (1–40) (Aβ40) was purchased from Peptide 2.0 (Chantilly, VA). Tris was obtained from BioRad (Hercules, CA). Sodium chloride (NaCl), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium azide, acetonitrile, methanol and hydrochloride acid (HCl) were acquired from EMD Millipore (Burlington, MA). SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) F12 media, fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and Tween^® 20 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Penicillin-streptomycin (PS) at 10,000 U/mL, AP Rabbit anti-Goat IgG (H+L) secondary antibody and 1-Step NBT-BCIP substrate were purchased from Thermo Fisher (Waltham, MA). The CellTiter 96^® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation Assay was purchased form Promega (Madison, WI). Goat anti-DNP primary antibody was acquired from Bethyl (Montgomery, TX). OPE₁²⁻ was synthesized and purified by previously published procedures^{55 (link)}. MB was purchased from Avantor (Radnor, PA). 400 mesh copper grids covered by a Formvar/Carbon film (5–10 nm) were obtained from Ted Pella (Redding, CA) and 2% aqueous uranyl acetate was purchased from Electron Microscopy Sciences (Hatfield, PA).

Weibel E.R., Taylor C.R, & Hoppeler H. (1991). The concept of symmorphosis: a testable hypothesis of structure-function relationship.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 88(22), 10357-10361.

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HPLC Analysis of Phospholipid-Cholesterol Product

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Phospholipon® 90 H and cholesterol products were obtained from Shanghai Soyoung Biotech. Inc. (Shanghai, China). The VPA reference standard was provided by Octagon Chemical Limited (Yantai, China). Sartorius membrane D0405-100FT dialysis tubing was provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, acetonitrile, methanol, glacial acetic acid, and dichloromethane were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Polycarbonate membranes (0.45 μm) and 0.22-μm cellulose acetate membranes were obtained from Whatman. All other reagents were of analytical grade or HPLC grade from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Benzoic acid as an internal standard was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. methanol (high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC] grade), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), phosphoric acid 85% (analytical grade), sodium dihydrogen phosphate, acetic acid glacial, ammonium acetate, formic acid, ammonium formate, hydrochloride acid, triethylamine, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate were purchased from Merck. Double distilled water was used (Ikapharmindo).

Jufri M., Yuwanda A., Surini S, & Harahap Y. (2022). Study of valproic acid liposomes for delivery into the brain through an intranasal route. Heliyon, 8(3), e09030.

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Quantification of Oxidative Stress Markers

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The 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) ELISA Kit (KA0445) was purchased from ABNOVA c/o EMBLEM (Heidelberg, Germany), MMP-9 (DMP900) and VEGF (DVE00) ELISA Kits were purchased from R&D Systems Europe (Bucharest, Romania). Sulphanilamide (SULF), N-(1-Naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDD), vanadium (III) chloride (VCl₃), methanol, diethylether, xylenol orange [o-cresosulfonphthalein-3,3-bis (sodium methyliminodiacetate)], ortho dianisidine dihydrochloride (3-3′-dimethoxybenzidine), ferrous ammonium sulphate, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sulphuric acid, hydrochloride acid, glycerol, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Analytical grade chemicals were used exclusively.

MUTI L.A., PÂRVU A.E., CRĂCIUN A.M., MIRON N, & ACALOVSCHI M. (2015). Nitro-oxidative stress, VEGF and MMP-9 in patients with cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. Clujul Medical, 88(2), 140-145.

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