Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate

Alginic acid sodium salt, calcium chloride (CaCl₂) dihydrate, polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), xanthan gum, and chitosan (medium molecular weight, >75% deacetylated) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Ozoile (Stable Ozonides) is a formulation obtained from a patented mixing process (EP3900821A1) in which a defined oxygen–ozone mixture is bound to olefinic bonds of fatty acids of a biological olive oil forming stable ozonides. Deionized water (resistivity 18.2 MΩ⋅cm) was produced by a Direct-Q3 UV water purification system (Millipore, Molsheim, France) and used in all preparations.

Ionic Liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMPYRR][NTf₂], 99% purity), 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([OMIM][NTf₂], 99% purity), and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([P_6,6,6,14][NTf₂], >98% purity) were acquired from IoLiTec GmBH, Heilbronn, Germany. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, >99% purity), co-surfactant/co-precursor (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl) triethoxysilane (TEOFSilane, 98% purity), polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween^®80), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES, >99.5% purity), curcumin (extract from Curcuma longa, ~80% purity; the last 20% contain other curcuminoids), gelatin (from porcine skin, type A, bloom 300), and phosphate buffered saline tablets (PBS) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Barcelona, Spain. 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF, >95% purity) was purchase from TCI Europe N.V., Zwijndrecht, Belgium. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (DSMZ 20,021) was obtained from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany) and Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth was provided by Scharlab, Barcelona, Spain. All other used chemicals were of analytical grade.

Sesame oil, glyceryl trioctanoate, polyoxyethylenesorbitan trioleate (Tween^® 85, Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK), polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween^® 80), sorbitan monolaurate (Span^® 20, Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK), d-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 (TPGS), sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH, 1 M), l-α-phosphatidylcholine (~60%, from egg yolk), Trizma^® (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) maleate, sodium taurocholate hydrate, pancreatin from porcine pancreas (8 × USP specifications), sodium taurocholate hydrate, probucol, 4,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and serum triglyceride determination kit were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Sodium chloride and anhydrous calcium chloride were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Leicester, UK). Cannabidiol (CBD, ≥98%) was purchased from THC Pharm (Frankfurt, Germany). Rat plasma was purchased from Sera Laboratories International (West Sussex, UK). All solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Leicester, UK), and were of HPLC grade.