Mc 180 ma

The preliminary testing session was performed at the beginning of the follicular stage of the menstrual cycle. Body weight was measured with light clothing and bare feet in a fasting state (Tanita MC-180 MA, Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Participants exercised on a stationary cycle ergometer (Monark 839e, Vansbro, Sweden) with a graded workload that increased each stage by 15 watts every 3 min beginning at 25 watts at 60 revolutions per minute (rpm). VO_2peak was examined using a pre-calibrated breath-by-breath analysis system (Meta-Max 3B, Cortex Biophysik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany). Heart rate (HR; Polar F4M BLK, Kempele, Finland) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE; 6–20 Borg scale) were recorded during the graded maximal exercise test. The test was terminated when participants performed to volitional exhaustion, were not able to maintain a pedaling rate of 60 rpm any longer, or RPE reached 18 or higher. The highest VO₂ averaged over the final 30 s was identified as the VO_2peak. During the familiarization, subjects learned the experimental procedures and practiced the cognition task multiple times until the number of erroneous trials in each session were less than five (one practice session includes 40 trials).

All subjects underwent a comprehensive medical evaluation including medical history, physical examination, and measurement of anthropometric parameters: body weight, body height, waist circumference, and hip circumference according to standardized procedures routinely performed in the Outpatient Clinic at the National Food and Nutrition Institute. The body waist circumference was measured at the midpoint between the lower margin of the last rib cage and the top iliac crest by using a flexible inch tape. An analysis of the body composition by bioelectrical impedance was performed using TANITA MC180MA (Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and according to built-in algorithms the following parameters were obtained: body fat mass (kg), free fat mass (kg), and fat mass (%). The free fat mass referred to all of body components (including total body water, muscle mass, bone mass) except fat mass. Measurements were taken in the morning, after an overnight fasting, at the same day or the day before blood samplings. GMON Tanita Professional software (version 3, Tanita Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was used for the analysis. Based on anthropometric measurements the BMI and waist-hip-ratio (WHR) indexes were calculated [20 (link)]. Obesity was classified according to World Health Organization criteria [21 ] i.e., subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² were considered obese.

Each subject was examined by a physician. Anthropometric parameters, including an approximation of muscle mass and FAT%, were measured using a stadiometer and four-frequency total body impedance for body composition analysis (Tanita MC 180 MA, Tanita, Tokyo, Japan).

Each subject was examined by a physician. Anthropometric parameters, including an approximation of muscle mass and FAT%, were measured using a stadiometer and four-frequency total body impedance for body composition analysis (Tanita MC 180 MA, Tanita, Tokyo, Japan).