Wizard 1480

Manufactured by PerkinElmer

Sourced in United States, France

The Wizard 1480 is a gamma counter from PerkinElmer. It is designed for quantitative analysis of gamma-emitting samples in a laboratory setting.

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43 protocols using wizard 1480

Quantifying 11C-UCB-J Brain Kinetics

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All subjects underwent arterial cannulation, and blood was collected for measurement of the time course of ¹¹C‐UCB‐J in plasma, including radiometabolite analysis. Samples were drawn every 10 seconds for the first 90 seconds and at 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 minutes after ¹¹C‐UCB‐J injection. For each sample, plasma was obtained by centrifugation at 4°C (2930 g for 5 minutes). Whole blood and plasma samples were counted in cross‐calibrated gamma‐counters (1480 Wizard; Perkin‐Elmer).
Radiometabolite analyses, performed for plasma samples at 3, 8, 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes using an automatic column‐switching high‐performance liquid chromatography system, and blood processing were performed as described in our previous publication.21Additional blood samples were collected for measurement of BRV or LEV plasma concentrations, immediately before, at the middle of, and at the end of the postdrug PET measurements.

Finnema S.J., Rossano S., Naganawa M., Henry S., Gao H., Pracitto R., Maguire R.P., Mercier J., Kervyn S., Nicolas J., Klitgaard H., DeBruyn S., Otoul C., Martin P., Muglia P., Matuskey D., Nabulsi N.B., Huang Y., Kaminski R.M., Hannestad J., Stockis A, & Carson R.E. (2019). A single‐center, open‐label positron emission tomography study to evaluate brivaracetam and levetiracetam synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A binding in healthy volunteers. Epilepsia, 60(5), 958-967.

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Quantifying [11C]PBR28 Kinetics in Plasma

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An arterial catheter was placed in the radial artery contralateral to [¹¹C]PBR28 injection site for arterial sampling throughout the duration of the scan. Blood samples were acquired to measure plasma radioactivity concentrations either manually every 10 s (n = 8) or continuously for the first 3 min using an automated blood sampler (PBS-101, Veenstra Instruments, Joure, Netherlands), and then at 3, 5, 8, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 min in manual samples analyzed with a cross-calibrated well counter (1480 Wizard, Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA), with merging of plasma radioactivity concentrations measured by automated and manual sampling. Fraction of un-metabolized [¹¹C]PBR28 was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as previously described^{63 (link)} in plasma samples taken at 3, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min. The metabolite-corrected arterial input function was calculated as the product of the plasma radioactivity and un-metabolized [¹¹C]PBR28 fraction in plasma. Free fraction in plasma (f_P) was measured in triplicate with ultrafiltration (Millipore Centrifree micropartition device 4104, Billerica, MA, USA) according to manufacturer guidelines with 4 mL of pre-injection arterial blood, to confirm no differences between groups. Values of f_P were calculated as the ratio of radioactivity in ultrafiltrate to total radioactivity in plasma.

Bhatt S., Hillmer A.T., Girgenti M.J., Rusowicz A., Kapinos M., Nabulsi N., Huang Y., Matuskey D., Angarita G.A., Esterlis I., Davis M.T., Southwick S.M., Friedman M.J., Duman R.S., Carson R.E., Krystal J.H., Pietrzak R.H, & Cosgrove K.P. (2020). PTSD is associated with neuroimmune suppression: evidence from PET imaging and postmortem transcriptomic studies. Nature Communications, 11, 2360.

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Radiochemical Stability and LogD of [18F]BA3

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Radiochemical stability of [¹⁸F]BA3 was investigated in 0.9% NaCl solution (containing 10% EtOH) and in n-octanol at room temperature for 2 h. Samples were analysed by radio-RP-HPLC (see quality control). The LogD_7.4 value of [¹⁸F]BA3 was experimentally determined in n-octanol/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4) at room temperature by the shake-flask method as described previously [67 (link)]. Briefly, small tracer amounts (~800 kBq) were added to a mixture of 3 mL n-octanol and 3 mL PBS. After shaking for 20 min, the samples were centrifuged (10,000 rpm, 5 min) and 1 mL aliquots of the organic as well as aqueous layer were taken and measured in a gamma counter (1480 WIZARD, Perkin Elmer, Turku, Finland). Another 1 mL aliquot of the organic layer was mixed with 2 mL n-octanol and 3 mL PBS and subjected to the same procedure until constant partition coefficient values had been obtained. The measurement was performed twice in quadruplicate.

Clauß O., Schäker-Hübner L., Wenzel B., Toussaint M., Deuther-Conrad W., Gündel D., Teodoro R., Dukić-Stefanović S., Ludwig F.A., Kopka K., Brust P., Hansen F.K, & Scheunemann M. (2022). Development and Biological Evaluation of the First Highly Potent and Specific Benzamide-Based Radiotracer [18F]BA3 for Imaging of Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 in Brain. Pharmaceuticals, 15(3), 324.

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Evaluating Lu-177 Labeled mAb Biodistribution

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The mice carrying LNCaP xenografts (n = 9) or DU 145 xenografts (n = 4) were injected intravenously (i.v.), through tail-vein injections, with ¹⁷⁷Lu-m11B6 (7.9 ± 0.69 MBq, 30 μg mAb, in approximately 100 μL PBS) for small-animal SPECT/CT (Bioscan) imaging, using the NSP-106 multi-pinhole mouse collimator. Energy windows of 20 % were centered over the 113 and 208 keV energy peaks [20 ]. SPECT data were reconstructed using HiSPECT software (SciVis, Goettingen, Germany). Three mice belonging to the LNCaP xenograft group had been pre-dosed 24 h prior to injection with 1 mg of unlabeled m11B6. These animals were imaged at 72 h or 168 h p.i. and euthanized and dissected as follows: 72 h (LNCaP, n = 3; pre-dosed, n = 3; and DU 145: n = 4) or 168 h (LNCaP, n = 3). The organs and tissues were measured for activity content in an automated well counter with a 3-in. NaI(Tl) detector (1480 WIZARD, Perkin Elmer), as described below. SPECT data analysis and quantification were done in InVivoScope 2.0 software (inviCRO, Boston, MA, USA), and regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn using the CT image as an anatomical reference.

Vilhelmsson Timmermand O., Larsson E., Ulmert D., Tran T.A, & Strand S. (2016). Radioimmunotherapy of prostate cancer targeting human kallikrein-related peptidase 2. EJNMMI Research, 6, 27.

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Blood Sampling for Radiotracer Kinetics

Cited 1 time

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As has
been described before,^{37 (link)} after the administration
of the tracer, 19 blood samples (0.5 mL) were drawn from a cannula
placed in the posterior tibial artery at selected time points (8,
16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, and 64 s and 1.5, 2.5, 4, 6, 10, 20, 30, 45,
60, 75, and 90 min). Then, the plasma and blood were separated by
centrifugation (12,000 rpm, 60 s), and the radioactivity was measured
using a gamma counter (1480 Wizard, PerkinElmer). The total amount
of blood removed from the animal was less than 35 mL/day in each animal.

García-Varela L., García D.V., Kakiuchi T., Ohba H., Nishiyama S., Tago T., Elsinga P.H., Tsukada H., Colabufo N.A., Dierckx R.A., van Waarde A., Toyohara J., Boellaard R, & Luurtsema G. (2020). Pharmacokinetic Modeling of (R)-[11C]verapamil to Measure the P-Glycoprotein Function in Nonhuman Primates. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 18(1), 416-428.

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Quantifying [18F]AS2471907 Kinetics

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An arterial catheter was placed in the radial artery contralateral to the injection site for [¹⁸F]AS2471907, for arterial sampling throughout the duration of the scan. Radioactivity was measured in manual samples collected rapidly from 0 to 2.5 min, then at 2.75, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min, and every 15 min thereafter until 120 min or 150 min, then every 30 min for scans longer than 150 min. Fraction of unmetabolized [¹⁸F]AS2471907 was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as previously described (Hilton et al., 2000 (link)) in plasma samples taken at 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min, or every 60 min after the 120-min time point for scans longer than 150 min. A metabolite-corrected arterial input function was calculated as the product of the plasma radioactivity and unmetabolized [¹⁸F]AS2471907 fraction, with radioactivity measured with a cross-calibrated well counter (1480 Wizard, Perkin-Elmer).

Verplaetse T.L., Hillmer A.T., Bhatt S., Rusowicz A., Li S., Nabulsi N., Matuskey D., Huang Y., McKee S.A, & Cosgrove K.P. (2024). Imaging a putative marker of brain cortisol regulation in alcohol use disorder. Neurobiology of Stress, 29, 100609.

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Biodistribution of 18F-2 in Tumor Mice

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Tumor-bearing mice (n = 12) were injected intravenously with ¹⁸F-2 (200 kBq in 100 μL PBS, 1.3 pmol, 5.9 ng). The animals were sacrificed at 30 min, 1 h and 2 h post injection (n = 4 for each time point). To determine specific binding an additional group of tumor-bearing mice (n = 4) received nonradioactive precursor 1 (100 μg in 100 μL PBS, 22 nmol) co-injected with ¹⁸F-2 (266 kBq in 100 μL PBS, 1.7 pmol, 7.8 ng) and were sacrificed 1 h post injection. Organs and tissues of interest were collected and weighed, and the amount of radioactivity was determined in a γ-counter (1480 Wizard, PerkinElmer) to calculate percentage uptake (% injected dose per gram of tissue). Statistical significance was calculated using Student t-test (two populations, unpaired). P values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Dialer L.O., Jodal A., Schibli R., Ametamey S.M, & Béhé M. (2018). Radiosynthesis and evaluation of an 18F–labeled silicon containing exendin-4 peptide as a PET probe for imaging insulinoma. EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry, 3, 1.

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Quantifying Brain Uptake of 11C-UCB-J

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All subjects underwent arterial cannulation and blood was collected for measurement of the time course of ¹¹C-UCB-J in plasma, including radiometabolite analysis. Samples were drawn every 10 s for the first 90 s and at 1.75, 2, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 120 min after ¹¹C-UCB-J injection. For each sample, plasma was obtained by centrifugation at 4°C (2930 g for 5 min). Whole blood and plasma samples were counted in cross-calibrated gamma-counters (1480 Wizard; Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
Radiometabolite analyses, performed for plasma samples at 3, 8, 15, 30, 60, and 90 min using an automatic column-switching high performance liquid chromatography system and blood processing were performed as described in our previous publication.^{21 (link)}Additional blood samples were collected for measurement of BRV or LEV plasma concentrations, immediately before, at the middle of, and at the end of the post-drug PET measurements.

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Biodistribution of 89Zr-Labeled Exosomes

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A total of 28 ICR mice (male, n = 14; female, n = 14) and 28 SD rats (male, n = 14; female, n = 14) were used in the present study. A gamma-counter system (1480 Wizard, PerkinElmer, MA, USA) was used for the radioactivity assays. Isoflurane (2% at 1 L/min oxygen flow) was used to induce and maintain anesthesia. Four ICR mice (two males and two females) and four SD rats (two males and two females) were sacrificed by carbon dioxide euthanasia at allocated time points (15 min, 1 h, 2 h, 6 h, 1 day, 2 days, and 7 days) after a single intravenous administration of ⁸⁹Zr-Exo (ICR mice, fixed dose of 2.5 × 10¹⁰ pn/animal (1110 kBq) of ⁸⁹Zr-Exo; SD rats, fixed-dose of 2.5 × 10¹¹ pn/animal (11,100 kBq) of ⁸⁹Zr-Exo). Various organs and tissues, as well as urine and blood, were harvested for subsequent gamma-counter assays. The activity measured in an organ (Bq) was normalized to the total injected activity to express the measured radioactivity as the percentage of the injected dose (%ID) or as the percentage of the injected dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g), with additional normalization to the tissue weight. The following pharmacokinetic parameters in each organ were quantitatively assessed for the organs of interest using the mean %ID or %ID/g value at the dedicated time point: peak concentration (C_max), time to reach C_max (T_max), and AUC of the time course of distribution.

Choi H., Kim M.Y., Kim D.H., Yun H., Oh B.K., Kim S.B., Song I.H., Park H.S., Kim S.E., Park C, & Choi C. (2022). Quantitative Biodistribution and Pharmacokinetics Study of GMP-Grade Exosomes Labeled with 89Zr Radioisotope in Mice and Rats. Pharmaceutics, 14(6), 1118.

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Determination of Lipophilicity via Shake-Flask

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The determination of distribution coefficient (log D_7.4) was carried out by the shake-flask method in analogy to a published procedure (Fischer et al. 2012 (link)). Briefly, 800 kBq ¹⁸F-2 was added to a mixture of PBS (0.5 mL, pH = 7.4) and 1–octanol (0.5 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was equilibrated for 15 min in an overhead shaker and further centrifuged (3 min, 5000 rpm). Aliquots (50 μL) of both phases were analyzed in a γ–counter (1480 Wizard, PerkinElmer). The partition coefficient was expressed as the ratio between the radioactivity concentrations (cpm/mL) of the 1–octanol and the PBS phase. Values represent the mean ± standard deviation of five determinations from one experiment.

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