Toledo dsc821

The as-prepared Bhasmas at each intermediate stage (i.e. Shodhana, Dhanyabhraka and Marana) was characterized by using sophisticated instruments. X-ray diffractometer SHIMADZU AA -7000, equipped with photo scintillation detector, between 2θ ranges 10–80°, rate of scanning was kept at 5°/min was used for XRD studies. The FTIR analysis was carried out using FTIR Model, SHIMADZU 8400. The spectra were recorded between 4000 and 400 cm⁻¹. Raman spectroscopy was done using RENISHAW – Invia Raman Microscope in the region 2000-100 cm⁻¹ at wavelength λ = 532 nm. Thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) was carried out using METTLER TOLEDO –DSC821 instrument. The heating rate was 10 °C/min over the range of 25°-1000 °C in air atmosphere. Brauner Emmet Teller method (BET) was used to calculate surface area using SURFER Thermo Scientific instrument. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) Model: NOVANANO SEM-450 equipped with Energy dispersive X-rays analysis (EDAX) was used to study the morphology and elemental analysis. TEM was carried out using PHILIPS model - CM 200 with accelerating voltage 20–200 kv and resolution 0.24 nm.

DSC analysis was performed with a Mettler Toledo
DSC 821, flushing
the calorimeter cell with 100 mL/min of nitrogen, from 25 to 500 °C
at a heating rate of 10 °C/min, and the instrument was calibrated
with indium as a standard. The data were collected on a computer using
the Mettler Toledo Star System.