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Notch3 is a cell surface receptor that plays a critical role in cell-cell communication and signaling. It is a member of the Notch family of proteins, which are involved in regulating various cellular processes, including cell fate determination, proliferation, and differentiation. Notch3 functions as a transmembrane receptor, transmitting signals from the extracellular environment to the cell's interior.

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12 protocols using notch3

1

Western Blot Analysis of Stem Cell Markers

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Western blot analysis was performed following standard procedures. Equal amount of protein was separated on 7.5% SDS–PAGE and transferred onto PVDF membrane. Western signals were detected using SuperSignal chemiluminescent substrate (West-Pico or West Dura Kits, Thermo Scientific). All of the uncropped western blots with molecular weight indicated were presented in Supplementary Figs. 914. Following antibodies were used in this study: β-catenin (1:1000, 8480 and 9562) phospho-β-catenin (1:1000 dilution, S552), Non-phospho (active) β-catenin (1:1000, 8814 and 4270), Notch3 (1:1000, D11B8), Notch3 (1:1000, 8G5), β-actin total (1:1000), Oct4 (1:1000, 2750), Nanog (1:1000, 4903) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies. Hey1 was purchased from Themofisher Scientific (1:1000, PA5-23484). cMyc antibodies were obtained from Sigma (1:1000, M-4439). HDAC2 antibody was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1:1000, SC-6296).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Total cell lysates were prepared in a Tris pH 6.8–10% SDS solution (1:1) by heating at 95° for 20 mins. Protein concentration was measured using Pierce BCA protein assay kit as per the company instructions. For western blotting 10–40 ug of protein was resolved on 7.5% or 10% mini gels from Biorad, transferred to nitrocellulose membrane using semi-dry method and immunoblotted. 10% BSA was used for filter blocking in all conditions.
The following primary antibodies were used: against Notch1, Slug and Actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), against PlexinD1 (R&D Systems), against Vinculin (Sigma), against Notch3 (Cell Signaling technology), against E-cadherin (BD Transduction laboratories).
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3

Notch Pathway and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Antibodies

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Polyclonal antibodies to Notch1, Notch2, Notch3, Notch4, Dll1, Dll3, Dll4, Jagged1, Jagged2, HIF‐1α, N‐cadherin, E‐cadherin and Snail1 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA). Polyclonal antibodies to G6PD, transketolase (TKT), Nrf2, Keap1 and monoclonal antibody to β‐actin were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). The dual‐luciferase reporter assay kit was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI).
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4

Antibody-based Protein Analysis and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation

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The antibodies used for immunoblotting were: p53 (DO-1, Santa Cruz, Cat# sc-126, at 1:1000 dilution), CBFB (Bethyl, Cat# A303-547A, at 1:1000 dilution), RUNX1 (Cell Signaling, Cat# 4334s, at 1:1000 dilution), NOTCH3 (Cell Signaling, Cat# 5276s, at 1:1000 dilution), TAp73 (Novus Biologicals, Cat# NBP2-24737, at 1:1000 dilution), ΔNp73 (Novus Biologicals, Cat#NBP2-24873, at 1:1000 dilution), and β-actin (Sigma, Cat# A5316, at 1:5000 dilution). The antibodies used for chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were: p53 (DO-1 Santa Cruz, Cat# sc-126, 10 μg) and RUNX1 (Abcam, Cat# ab23980, 10 μg).
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5

Notch Signaling Pathway Protein Analysis

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Protein extracts preparation was described elsewhere66 (link). Blots were incubated with primary antibodies against: Notch1Val1744 (2421; Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA), Notch3 (2889; Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA), Notch1 (sc-6014-R; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), Cyclin D3 (sc-182; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), CDK4 (sc-260; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), p27 (3688; Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA), PARP (9542; Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA) and β-actin (sc-47778; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA); followed by hybridization with Antibodies HRP conjugated: anti‐rabbit (sc-2004; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), or anti-mouse (sc-2005; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Notch Pathway

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Pellets were processed and protein was extracted as previously described (34 (link)). Forty μg of lysate for each sample per lane was run in precast NuPAGE Novex polyacrylamide gel 4% to 12% Bis-Tris Gels (1.0-mm thick, 10-well) in 1X Tris-glycine (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY). Lysates were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), blocked in PBS containing 5% bovine serum albumin or nonfat dry milk powder, and incubated overnight with antibodies per manufacturer's directions. Blots were then washed several times with PBS containing 0.1% Tween 20 and incubated in peroxidase-conjugated immunoglobulin G diluted 1:5000 in blocking solution. After washing several times in PBS with 0.1% Tween 20, blots were developed with enhanced Western Lightning chemiluminescence reagent (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA) and exposed to film. Primary antibodies included HES1 (1:800 Aviva, San Diego, CA), NOTCH 3 (1:800, Cell Signaling Technologies, Inc.), JAG1 (1:800, Cell Signaling Technologies Inc.), DLL-1 (1:800 Cell Signaling Technologies, Inc.), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ([GAPDH]; 1:5000, RDI, Flanders, NJ), and β-actin (1:500, mouse, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas, TX). Omission of primary antibody was used as a negative control.
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7

Immunoblotting for Protein Expression

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Total protein extract for each cell line was obtained by using a lysis buffer as described previously (Yang et al., 2010 (link)), and equal amounts (20 μg per load) were analyzed by immunoblotting. Antibody against β-actin was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States) (A5441, 1:20,000); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; sc-507, 1:1,000) was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, United States). AKT (no. 9272, 1:1,000), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2; mAb no. 4695, 1:1,000), and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) were from Lab Vision (MS-418, 1:500; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States). Notch3 was from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, United States) (cst-5276, 1:1,000). Western blotting reagents were from a chemiluminescence kit (Amersham Biosciences, Little Chalfont, United Kingdom).
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8

NOTCH1 and NOTCH3 Knockdown in Cell Lysates

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Three different small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting NOTCH1 (cat#4851-1, 4851-2, and 4851-3) and NOTCH3 (cat#4854-1, 4854-2, and 4854-3) were purchased from Bioneer (Deajeon, Korea). Non-targeting siRNA was used as a negative control. The RNAi oligonucleotide or RNAi negative control was transfected into the cells using a Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Cells were lysed with a cell extraction buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) containing protease inhibitors. Protein concentrations were determined using the BCA protein assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Protein samples were separated using SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. The membranes were incubated with the indicated primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. The following antibodies were used: NOTCH1 (cat#4380, Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), NOTCH3 (cat#5276, Cell Signaling Technology), and α-tubulin (cat#sc-8035, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA). The blots were visualized using the Pierce™ ECL Western Blotting Substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). The original WB can be found at Figure S5.
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9

Simple Western Protein Analysis

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Protein lysates from tissue and in vitro cell culture lines were processed for use on Wes Simple Western assays according to manufacturer protocols (Protein Simple). Samples were mixed with Simple Western Sample Master Mix (80 mmol/L DTT, 2× sample buffer, 2× fluorescence standard) and denatured. The Simple Western kit plate was loaded with denatured samples, primary antibody, HRP‐conjugated anti‐rabbit antibody, luminol‐peroxide substrate and wash buffers. The proprietary capillary‐based separation system was utilized to automatically load, separate, immobilize and immunoprobe protein lysates for proteins of interest using HRP‐mediated chemiluminescence. The chemiluminescent signal was detected using the system's built‐in CCD camera and analysed for signal intensity using accompanying Compass software. Band intensity was used to generate a traditional Western blot lane. Primary antibodies were titrated to determine optimal protein and primary antibody concentration. Antibodies for pERK1/2 (1:100 dilution, rabbit monoclonal, #4695), pSMAD2/3 (1:50 dilution, rabbit monoclonal, #8828), vinculin (1:150 dilution, rabbit polyclonal #4650) and Notch3 (1:100 dilution, rabbit monoclonal #5276) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology.
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10

In vitro and in vivo BET inhibitor evaluation

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For in vitro experiments, we used the BETi CPI203, purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (#SML1212), and the BETi CN210, kindly provided by ConverGene. The inhibitors were re-suspended in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; #D2650; Sigma-Aldrich) to make a working stock of 10 mM. DMSO diluted at 1:1,000 was used as the vehicle control for all in vitro experiments. For Western blots, we used the following antibodies: Notch3 (#D11B8; Cell Signaling Technology; 1:1,000), Hes1 (#D6P2U; Cell Signaling Technology; 1:700), BRD4 (#A700–004; Bethyl Laboratories; 1:5,000), and vinculin (#V9131; Sigma-Aldrich; 1:10,000). For IHC analysis of paraffin sections, the following antibodies were used: BRD4 (#A700–004; Bethyl Laboratories; 1:100), Notch3 (#ab23426; Abcam; 1:100), Ki67 (#RB-9043-P1; NeoMarkers, 1:200), and cleaved caspase-3 (#9661S; Cell Signaling Technology; 1:100). For doxycycline induction of shRNA in vitro, we treated cells with 100 ng/mL of doxycycline (#D9891; Sigma-Aldrich). For in vivo induction of BRD4 shRNA, mice harboring OVCAR 5 tumors were placed on a daily 200 mg/kg doxycycline-chow diet (#14727450; Fisher Scientific).
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