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13 protocols using itknife nano

1

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Protocol

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All endoscopic procedures were performed by experts in ESD who had experience with more than 500 clinical cases. There were no restrictions on the scopes and devices used by each endoscopist for ESD. The scopes used were GIF-Q260J or GIF-H260 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), and the devices were an insulation-tipped diathermic knife (IT Knife), IT Knife 2, IT Knife nano, or Dual Knife J (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Other devices, such as an argon plasma coagulation probe (ERBE, Tubingen, Germany) for marking dots or a needle knife (ZEON MEDICAL, Tokyo, Japan) for the initial incision, were occasionally used.
First, marking dots for the incision lines were placed around the lesion. Next, fructose-added glycerol (Glyceol; TAIYO Pharma CO, Tokyo, Japan) with a minute amount of indigo carmine dye was injected into the submucosal layer. In some cases, 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (MucoUp; Boston Scientific, Tokyo, Japan) was used. After submucosal injection, a precut was made with the Dual Knife J or needle knife, followed by a circumferential mucosal incision around the lesion using the dots as a landmark and submucosal dissection with the IT Knife, IT Knife 2, IT Knife nano, or Dual Knife J. The resected specimens were evaluated pathologically.
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2

Colonoscopic Submucosal Dissection Techniques

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A colonoscope, either PCF‐Q260AZI (Olympus Medical Systems Co., Tokyo, Japan) or PCF‐H290TI (Olympus), was used. A standard tip hood (Olympus), ST hood (FUJIFILM, Tokyo, Japan), or its short type (FUJIFILM) was attached to the tip of the colonoscope. For submucosal injection, 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (Muco Up; Boston Scientific, Tokyo, Japan) diluted twice with a 10% glycerin solution was used. Of the three devices DualKnife (Olympus), DualKnife J (Olympus), or ITknife nano (Olympus), one or two devices were used as appropriate in each case. For BA‐ESD cases, SBO (ST‐CB1; Olympus) connected to a balloon control unit (OBCU; Olympus) was placed onto a colonoscope before insertion.18 SBO is a single‐use device and is less expensive than the ESD knife used in this study.
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3

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Technique

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A standard tip hood (Olympus Medical Systems Co., Tokyo, Japan), ST hood (FUJIFILM, Tokyo, Japan), or its short-type (FUJIFILM) was attached to the tip of the endoscope as was appropriate. For submucosal injection, 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (Muco Up; Boston Scientific, Tokyo, Japan) diluted twice with 10% glycerin solution was used. One or two devices of DualKnife (Olympus), DualKnife J (Olympus), ITknife nano (Olympus), and SB Knife Jr (Sumitomo Bakelite, Tokyo, Japan) were used as appropriate in each case. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin buffer, sliced into 2-mm widths, and examined under a microscope.
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4

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Procedure

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ESDs were performed by two endoscopic experts (SO and ST) in all cases. A standard tip hood (Olympus), ST hood (FUJIFILM, Japan) or its short-type (FUJIFILM) was attached to the tip of the endoscope as appropriate in each case. A 50/50 mixture of 0.4 % sodium hyaluronate (Muco Up; Boston Scientific, Japan) and 10 % glycerin solution was added to a small amount of indigo carmine, which was initially injected into the submucosa. Next, a circumferential incision was made, and submucosal dissection was performed. The Dual Knife (Olympus) or Dual Knife J (Olympus) were used as cutting devices at the onset of the procedure. In specific situations, such as with cases of severe submucosal fibrosis, other knives, including the ITknife nano (Olympus) or SB Knife Jr (Sumitomo Bakelite, Japan) were additionally used.
All specimens were fixed in 10 % formalin buffer, sliced into 2-mm widths, and examined under a microscope. Histological complete resection was defined as pathologically identified en bloc resection with negative horizontal and vertical margins.
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5

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Procedure

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All ESD procedures and prior mapping endoscopies were performed according to local protocol with GIF-H260, GIF-H260Z or GIF-Q260J endoscopes (Olympus Medical Systems Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) using a standard video endoscopy processor (EVIS Lucera; Olympus Medical Systems Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). First, the lesion was demarcated by placing coagulation dots with the Dual-knife (Olympus Medical Systems Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). The lesion was then lifted with 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (MucoUp; Johnson & Johnson Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) diluted with normal saline and a minute amount of epinephrine and indigo carmine dye. An initial incision with the Dual-knife was made, followed by the circumferential mucosal incision around the coagulation markings with the IT-knife-2 or IT-knife nano (Olympus Medical Systems Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). After additional submucosal injections, the submucosal layer was dissected with the IT-knife-2 or IT-knife nano.
All specimens retrieved were processed uniformly according to standard pathology protocols. In brief, ESD specimens were pinned down on corkboards and fixed overnight in 10% buffered formalin. Fixed specimens were photographed and cut at regular 2 mm intervals and embedded in paraffin. Slides and stainings were prepared using routine histology protocols.
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6

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Procedure

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The ESD procedure was performed as described in our previous report3 (link). Briefly, a circumferential incision was made initially, followed by a submucosal dissection with an IT-knife, IT-knife 2, or IT-knife nano (Olympus Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). After or during the ESD procedure, adverse events including massive bleeding, emphysema, perforation and stricture were recorded. One-piece resection was defined as en bloc resection. R0 resection was considered to have a tumor-free margin when vertical and horizontal margins were free of tumor cells.
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7

Esophageal Regeneration via Cell Sheet Transplantation

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Esophageal circumferential ESD was performed under sedation, and cardiopulmonary function was monitored during the procedure. Circumferential marking was done 35-40 cm from the upper incisors, with a length of 4-5 cm. After injection of saline solution containing epinephrine (0.01 mg/mL) and indigo carmine, a circumferential incision in the lumen wall was made using a Hook Knife (Olympus V R , Tokyo, Japan). Submucosal dissection was performed using an IT knife nano (Olympus). Meticulous hemostasis was performed using hemostatic forceps (FD-410LR; Olympus). After the ESD procedure, cell sheets were transplanted using a three-dimensional printer developed for cell sheet transplantation (Figure 1(B,C)) [16] . We performed ballooning for 1 min for each cell sheet. In total, six to eight-cell sheets were transplanted at the circumferential ESD sites. The pigs fasted for 24 h after the procedure, and a liquid diet was provided in the subsequent 24 h; a regular diet was provided thereafter. Pigs were euthanized 2 weeks after ESD, and their esophagi were dissected for macroscopic and microscopic measurements.
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8

Endoscopic Resection for Superficial Esophageal Squamous Cell Neoplasms

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Before ER, CT scans were performed for residual SESCNs, and EUS and CT scans were performed for recurrent SESCNs to restage the disease. Only those SESCNs confined to the mucosa without lymph nodes or distant metastases were eligible for ER. For pathologically proven SCC, either before or after ER, positron emission tomography-CT scans were also performed to assess N and M staging. The EMR method we used was EMR-C [18 (link)]. The detailed procedure for ESD was similar to that described in our previous report [19 (link)]. Briefly, lesions were identified using Lugol chromoendoscopy. Glycerol mixed with indigo carmine was used for submucosal injection. Unlike previous reports, we used a Dual Knife J (KD-655; Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) or an IT Knife Nano (KD-612L, Olympus Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) to perform ESD. The ER procedures were performed by an experienced endoscopist (Y.-K.T.) and two young endoscopists (B.-H.C. and C.H.L.) performing ESD under the supervision of (Y.-K.T.).
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9

Submucosal Dissection Technique with Hyaluronate Injection

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A 10% glycerin solution containing 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (MucoUp; Johnson & Johnson) and a small amount of indigo carmine (indigo carmine/hyaluronate/glycerol: 0.2/10/10 ml) was used for submucosal injection. DualKnife (Olympus), DualKnife J (Olympus), ITknife nano (Olympus), or SBknife Jr (Sumitomo Bakelite) was used as appropriate for each patient at the endoscopist's discretion. Multiple devices were used, depending on the situation. During a submucosal dissection, prophylactic hemostasis was applied as appropriate while visualizing the blood vessels of the submucosal tissue in the stalk. At the end of the procedure, the exposed vessels on the resected ulcer were coagulated using hemostatic forceps. Hemostatic clips were also used, depending on the situation.
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10

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Technique

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ESD was performed by four endoscopists (S.T., S.O., Y.N., and H.T.). We predominantly used a DualKnife J (Olympus Medical Systems Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), IT knife nano (Olympus Medical Systems Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan), or Flex knife (Olympus Medical Systems Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Depending on the situation, we also used an SB knife Jr. (Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation was used instead of room air insufflation. ESD procedures were performed with a high-resolution magnifying video endoscope (CF-H260AZI, CF-Q260JI, or PCF-H290TI; Olympus Optical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) or upper gastrointestinal endoscope (GIF- Q260J; Olympus Optical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Undiluted 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (MucoUp®; Johnson & Johnson K.K., Tokyo, Japan) was used as the injection solution. After injection of the solution into the submucosal layer, a circumferential incision was made using a single ESD knife. The submucosal layer was then dissected using one or two ESD knives. Visible vessels or arteries in the ulcers were grasped precisely with hemostatic forceps.
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