Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were collected using a field-emission FEI Nova NanoSEM (ThermoFischer Scientific, Hillsboro, USA) at 3 kV. Prior to the measurement, the wing samples were sputter coated with a thin layer of gold (approximately 3 nm in thickness) using a Dynavac CS300 coating unit (Australia). Quantitative analysis of the SEM images was carried out using ImageJ software (NIH USA Image ver. 1.51), over 30 different spots from 2 images. There are two insect specimens of male and female examined for SEM analysis. FEI Teneo VolumeScope environmental SEM (ThermoFischer Scientific, Hillsboro, USA) was operated at 5 kV and 0.1 nA under the low vacuum to image the whole wings without the assistance of gold-coatings.
Fei nova nanosem
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
The FEI Nova NanoSEM is a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) designed for advanced materials analysis and imaging. It features a field emission electron source, providing high-resolution imaging capabilities. The instrument is capable of examining a wide range of sample types, including conductive and non-conductive materials, at nanometer-scale resolutions.
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13 protocols using fei nova nanosem
1
SEM Imaging of Insect Wing Morphology
2
Structural and Elemental Analysis of Nanotubes
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Samples fabricated at 50 V were washed with deionized water and dried at room temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM450, FEI Nova Nano SEM; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, United States) was employed to scan and analyze the structure of nanotubes, including their inner diameters. In addition, X-ray energy dispersive analysis (EDS, Xplore30, Oxford Instrument, Oxford, United Kingdom) was performed to analyze the elemental composition of nanotubes.
3
Characterization of Titanium Dental Implants
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In an attempt to employ a titanium screw comparable to the one clinically used in Dentistry, a screw with Ø 0.6 mm, titanium-6 aluminum-4 vanadium alloy (NTI-Kahla GmbH Rotary Dental Instruments, Kahla, Thüringen, Germany) and machined titanium surface was used in this study, as previously described in the oral osseointegration model in CD1 mice10 . The screws were cut at a length of 1.5 mm and sterilized by autoclaving before surgical procedures. Subsequently, the screws were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) before Ti implantation, in order to demonstrate the surface topography and chemical composition of the screws used in this study. The screws were fixed on SEM-stub-holders and imaged with an ultra-high resolution SEM (FEI Nova NanoSEM, Thermo Fisher Scientific, OR, USA) at 8kV with a resolution of 127.8 eV. The chemical composition was analyzed in the same regions of interest for qualitative SEM images, by using the software TEAM™ EDS Analysis System (AMETEK Materials Analysis Division, Mahwah, NJ, USA) in relation to the amount of 10 chemical elements present in the bulk structure of clinically used titanium implants, as previously described21 : Titanium (Ti), Aluminum (Al), Vanadium (V), Calcium (Ca), Nitrogen (N), Niobium (Nb), Oxygen (O), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S) and Zinc (Zn).
4
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Samples
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The FEI Nova NanoSem (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gloucester, UK) scanning electron microscope was used to examine the morphology of the samples. Before the analysis, the samples were affixed with the aid of carbon tape onto a stainless steel stub and were sputter coated with a thin layer of Pt. The images were obtained using a probe at 3 mA and an accelerating voltage of 15 kV.
5
Cell Fixation and Imaging Protocol
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Cells cultures were washed with pre-warmed (DPBS) and fixed in glutaraldehyde (2.5% v/v) for 20 min. Cells were then subjected to dehydration in increasing gradients of ethanol (25%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90% and 100% v/v). For imaging, samples were coated with 4 nm of iridium and imaged using a FEI Nova NanoSEM (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
6
Dielectrophoretic Cell Characterization
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The conductivity of the suspensions was measured using a high precision conductivity meter (ECTestr11+, Eutech Instruments). The response of cells was observed with an inverted optical microscope (Nikon Eclipse, TE 2000). Sinusoidal wave signal was generated by a signal generator (Tabor, 2572A 100 MHz Dual-Channel) to energize the microelectrodes with one of the electrodes grounded. The DEP platform was placed on a computer controlled specimen stage to continuously monitor the treatment process (see Figure S3 ).
Following cell immobilization and buffer aspiration, high magnification and resolution images were taken using a scanning electron microscope (FEI Nova NanoSEM). A Helix gaseous secondary electron detector was implemented to achieve the SEM imaging under low vacuum mode. Resolution of the SEM has been adjusted at 3.0 spot size using 5 kV acceleration in 0.6 Torr (∼80 Pa) vacuum environment, enabling charge-free imaging and analysis of fully hydrated specimens.
Following cell immobilization and buffer aspiration, high magnification and resolution images were taken using a scanning electron microscope (FEI Nova NanoSEM). A Helix gaseous secondary electron detector was implemented to achieve the SEM imaging under low vacuum mode. Resolution of the SEM has been adjusted at 3.0 spot size using 5 kV acceleration in 0.6 Torr (∼80 Pa) vacuum environment, enabling charge-free imaging and analysis of fully hydrated specimens.
7
Substrate Cleaning and SEM Imaging
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The silicon wafer substrates were cleaned by rinsing in acetone, ethanol and then Milli Q water. SEM Samples were prepared by solvent evaporation on these substrates and then sputter coated with gold for 10 s at 0.016 mA Ar plasma (SPI, West Chester, USA) for SEM imaging using a FEI Nova NanoSEM (Hillsboro, USA) operating at high vacuum which provided direct visualisation of the self-assembled.
8
Characterization of Kana-Cu3(PO4)2 Hybrid Flowers
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Kanamycin was obtained from TCI, Chennai, India. Copper sulfate (Cu2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4, sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), methyl blue (MB) and ethanol were obtained from Ajax Finechem (Australia). All chemicals were utilized without any further purification. The nanostructured morphology, composition, as well as elemental distribution in kana-Cu3(PO4)2 hybrid flowers were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and EDS mapping using an EDS-integrated FEI Nova NanoSEM (Hillsboro, USA, operating under HV and Stage bias condition of 15 KeV, samples were coated with Pt) and an Everhart Thornley Detector (ETD). Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption measurements of samples in solution were collected using a Cary 50 Bio spectrophotometer with a cell of 1 cm path length. A BrukerAXS D8 Discover instrument with a general area detector diffraction system (GADDS) using a Cu Kα source was utilized to obtain XRD patterns of the hybrid flowers. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements were performed on a PerkinElmer D100 spectrometer in attenuated total reflectance mode.
9
Thermogel Microscopy Characterization
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Images of the Thermogel were taken with a FEI Nova NanoSEM, Scanning Electron Microscope. Samples were placed on a specimen mount and imaged at a voltage of 5 kV after sputtering a 7 nm layer of iridium using Cressington 208HR.
10
SEM Imaging of Tissue Samples
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