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Transforming growth factor beta

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Belgium

Transforming growth factor beta is a protein that regulates cell growth and differentiation. It is a commonly used lab equipment for biological research.

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2 protocols using transforming growth factor beta

1

Antibody Use in Western Blot and ChIP Assays

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The Arl8a/Arl8b antibody was a generous gift from Dr. Michael Brenner (Harvard) and was used at a 1:500 dilution for immunoblot [32 (link)]. The Zeb1 antibody (Cell Signaling Technologies, Beverly, MA) was used at 1:500. The LAMP-1 (H4A3) antibody was used at 1:200 (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank at Iowa State University). Transforming growth factor beta (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) was used at 5 ng/mL. Anti-tubulin was acquired from NeoMarkers (Fremont, CA) and used at 1:20,000. Anti-actin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used at 1:5,000. E-cadherin and cathepsin B antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX) were used at 1:1,000. The cathepsin D antibody was obtained from Calbiochem (Billerica, MA) and used at 1:1,000. NHE1, vimentin, cathepsin L, and β-catenin antibodies were purchased from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA) and were used at 1:1,000. Secondary antibodies include Dylight 594 donkey anti-mouse (1:200) (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA) and HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit (1:5,000) (GE Healthcare, Pittsburgh, PA). Phalloidin 488 and 633 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) were used at 1:200. Primary antibodies used for ChIP were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology: Mouse IgG (CS-2025) and Zeb1 (H-102).
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2

Endothelial Cell Response to Inflammatory Modulators

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Cells were cultured for 6 h in either the absence or presence of inflammatory modulators, after which the supernatant was collected for the measurement of ET-1 and frozen at -80°C. A number of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were tested: TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa; Miltenyi Biotec, The Netherlands) at concentrations of 1, 10, 50, 100, and 250 ng/ml, IFN-γ (Interferon gamma; Life Technologies, Belgium) at a concentration of 100 ng/ml, IL-1β (Interleukin -1 beta; Life Technologies, Belgium) at 1, 10, 50, 100, and 250 ng/ml, LPS (Lipopolysacharide; Sigma Aldrich, Germany) at 0.5 and 10 μg/ml, thrombin (Sigma Aldrich, Germany) at 3 units/ml, IL6 (interleukin 6; R&D systems, Germany) at 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml, IL-10 (interleukin-10; Life Technologies, Belgium) at 10ng/ml and 100ng/ml and TGF-β (Transforming Growth Factor -beta; Sigma Aldrich, Belgium) at 10 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL6 and IL10 were solved in LPS-free water (pharmacy University Hospital Brussels); LPS in PBS; thrombin in Ultrapure Water (Sartorius Biotech, type: Arium® Pro UV, Germany); IFN-γ in BSA (N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide, Sigma Aldrich, Germany). The concentrations of the cytokines used were chosen according to previous experiments in cell cultures reported in the literature.
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