Dpdpe

Manufactured by Bio-Techne

Sourced in United Kingdom

DPDPE (D-Pen2,D-Pen5-Enkephalin) is a synthetic peptide that acts as a delta-opioid receptor agonist. It is commonly used in research applications for studying the role of delta-opioid receptors in various biological processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

Damgo, by Bio-Techne (2 mentions) Naloxone, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Sb 612111, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Cell culture media and supplements, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Endomorphin 1, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Tritiated diprenorphine 3h dpn, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) J 113397, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Dynorphin a, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) U50 488, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Go6976, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)

5 protocols using dpdpe

Opioid Ligand Preparation and Storage

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All cell culture media and supplements were from Invitrogen (Paisley, UK). All other reagents were from Sigma Chemical Co. (Poole, UK) and were of the highest purity available. DPDPE, endomorphin‐1, naloxone, and SB‐612111 were bought from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Fentanyl was bought from SALARAS, Como, Italy) (authorization SP/270, 26/11/2012). Native coelenterazine (CLZN, 5 mmol/L, EtOH) was from Synchem UG & Co. KG (Altenburg, Germany). N/OFQ, dermorphin, dynorphin A, Ro 65‐6570, and cebranopadol were synthesized in house. Stock solutions (1 mmol/L) of peptides and fentanyl were made in distilled water. SB‐612111, Ro 65‐6570, and cebranopadol (10 mmol/L) were solubilized in DMSO. Stock solutions of ligands were stored at −20°C.

Rizzi A., Cerlesi M.C., Ruzza C., Malfacini D., Ferrari F., Bianco S., Costa T., Guerrini R., Trapella C, & Calo' G. (2016). Pharmacological characterization of cebranopadol a novel analgesic acting as mixed nociceptin/orphanin FQ and opioid receptor agonist. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, 4(4), e00247.

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Characterization of Ligand-Receptor Interactions

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All cell culture media and supplements were from Invitrogen (Paisley, U.K.). All other reagents used were from Sigma Chemical Co. (Poole, UK) or E. Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and were of the highest purity available. Dermorphin, N/OFQ, [Dmt¹]N/OFQ(1-13)-NH₂ and PWT2-[Dmt¹] were synthesized in house (Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara) as previously described (Guerrini et al., 1997 (link); Guerrini et al., 2014 (link)), while J-113397, DPDPE, and dynorphin A were bought from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Naltrexone HCl was from National Institute on Drug Abuse (Bethesda, MD, USA). Tritiated UFP-101 ([³H]-UFP-101) was synthesized as described previously (Ibba et al., 2008 (link)). Tritiated diprenorphine ([³H]-DPN) was purchased from Perkin Elmer. Native coelenterazine (CLZN, 5 mM, EtOH) was from Synchem UG & Co. KG (Altenburg, Germany). Stock solutions (1 mM) of peptides and the new compound PWT2-[Dmt¹] were made in ultrapure water and all stored at − 20°C until use. The successive dilutions were made in HBSS/HEPES (20 mM) buffer (containing 0.005 % Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) fraction V to avoid licking) in the calcium assay and PBS/BSA (0.01 %) buffer in the BRET assay.

Cerlesi M.C., Ding H., Bird M.F., Kiguchi N., Ferrari F., Malfacini D., Rizzi A., Ruzza C., Lambert D.G., Ko M.C., Calo’ G, & Guerrini R. (2016). Pharmacological studies on the NOP and opioid receptor agonist PWT2-[Dmt1]N/OFQ(1-13). European journal of pharmacology, 794, 115-126.

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Opioid Agonist Receptor Binding Assay

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All drugs and reagents, unless otherwise stated, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poznan, Poland). Opioid agonists: DAMGO, DPDPE, U50488, were purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Warsaw, Poland).

Szymaszkiewicz A., Talar M., Włodarczyk J., Świerczyński M., Bartoszek A., Krajewska J., Mokrowiecka A., Małecka-Wojciesko E., Fichna J, & Zielińska M. (2022). The Involvement of the Endogenous Opioid System in the Gastrointestinal Aging in Mice and Humans. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3565.

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Inhibition of PKC Modulates Neuronal Activity

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Where indicated, aCSF with 2 mM SrCl₂ (2 mM) replacing CaCl₂ was used. In a subset of experiments, slices were incubated in TAT-PKC-CT or control peptides (1 µM) for 30 minutes before being transferred to the recording chamber and bathed in regular aCSF for the duration of the experiment. All other drugs were dissolved into the aCSF and constantly perfused over the slice. DPDPE, Go 6976, and Bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM-1) were purchased from Tocris Bioscience. BAPTA was purchased from Molecular Probes. TAT-PKC-CT (RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKGFVHPILQSAV) and TAT-PKCdeltaCT (RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKKGFVHPIL) were purchased from BioSynthesis Inc. All other drugs were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Patton M.H., Padgett K.E., McKeon P.N., Lu S.G., Abrams T.W, & Mathur B.N. (2018). An Aplysia-like synaptic switch for rapid protection against ethanol-induced synaptic inhibition in a mammalian habit circuit. Neuropharmacology, 144, 1-8.

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Autoradiography of Opioid Receptors

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KOR autoradiography was based on deLanerolle et al. (1997) (link). Slides were brought up to room temperature. Sections were dipped in Tris buffer (50mM Tris base; pH 7.4) for 60 minutes at room temperature then incubated for 90 minutes in 3.0 nM [³H]U69,593 (PerkinElmer, Inc., Boston, MA) and co-incubated with 400nM of DPDPE and 400nM DAMGO (Tocris Bioscience, Minneapolis, MN) at room temperature to block DOR and MOR, respectively. Select slides were co-incubated with 10 μM of naloxone for non-specific binding. Concentrations of [³H]U69,593 and competitors were based on previous studies that utilized autoradiography to map opioid receptor in humans (Hiller and Fan, 1996 (link), deLanerolle et al., 1997 (link)). Slides underwent two 60-second washes in 4° C Tris buffer. They underwent a 10 second wash in 4° C ddH₂O and were then dried. Slides were placed on Amersham Hyperfilm MP for 21 weeks and then developed with Kodak Developer and Fixer.

Ragen B.J., Freeman S.M., Laredo S.A., Mendoza S.P, & Bales K.L. (2015). μ and κ Opioid receptor distribution in the monogamous titi monkey (Callicebus cupreus): Implications for social behavior and endocrine functioning. Neuroscience, 290, 421-434.

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