Nicolet magna 560

The morphologies of the samples were studied by SEM (JEOL, JSM‐7500F) along with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and TEM (JEOL, JSM‐2100) using a TDY‐V5.2 image analysis system. Powder XRD was conducted in the 2θ range of 5°–70° with Cu Kα radiation (PANalytical B.V., X'Pert Pro diffractometer). XPS was performed on a Thermo electron spectrometer (ThermoFisher, Thermo) to investigate the bonding characteristics. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface areas and pore size distributions were determined using nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (Micromeritics Instrument, ASAP 2460). FTIR spectroscopy was conducted with a diamond attenuated total reflectance (ATR) attachment (Thermo Fisher, Nicolet Magna 560). Raman spectra were obtained in the back‐scattering mode using an Arion laser (532 nm) on a LabRAM Raman spectrometer (Horiba Jobin Yvon). Solid‐state ³¹P NMR measurements were collected on an Agilent 600 m with a magnetic field intensity of 14.1 T. The MAS rotating frequency was 10 kHz, and the chemical shift refers to H₃PO₄. The product yield analysis of the oxidation of alcohols was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS; Agilent 7890B, HP‐5 column) and quantitative analyses using gas chromatography (GC; Agilent 8860, HP‐5 column).