The V regions of human mAbs were constructed on pCAGGS plasmid containing coding sequences for human IgG1 heavy chain or light chain. Antibodies were purified by AmMagTM Protein A MagBeads (Genscript, L00672). Briefly, antibodies were combined with the beads, washed by AmMagTM Wash buffer (Genscript, B00045) and eluted by 0.1 M Glycine. Medium was changed to PBS through centrifuge in concentration tubes (Merck millipore, UFC805008).
The coding sequences of SARS-CoV-2 prototype spike (GISAID: EPI_ISL_402119), Omicron BA.2 spike (GISAID: EPI_ISL_9652748), and Omicron BA.4/5 with a C-terminal 6× His tag and six mutations (F817P, A892P, A899P, A942P, K986P, V987P) were cloned into the pCAGGS vector, respectively. The cell supernatants expressing spike proteins were collected and purified by Ni affinity chromatography using a HisTrapTM HP 5 mL column (Cytiva). The samples were further purified via gel filtration chromatography with Superose 6 Increase (Cytiva).