Fecal specimens (rectal swab or stool) collected from patients upon admission or during hospitalization were sent to the microbiology laboratory of Queen Mary Hospital. The rectal swab or around 1 g of stool was incubated in 2 mL of brain heart infusion enrichment broth with 10 μg vancomycin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 0.5 μg meropenem (Hospira, Melbourne, Australia) at 35 °C for 18 h. Ten microliters of the enriched broth was further subcultured onto MacConkey agar with 2 μg meropenem and incubated aerobically at 35 °C for 48 h, as previously described [17 (link),24 (link)]. A. baumannii isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen, Germany). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations or manufacturer’s instructions. Antimicrobial susceptibility was defined according to the CLSI recommendations [25 ].
Meropenem
Manufactured by Pfizer
Sourced in United States
Meropenem is a broad-spectrum antibiotic medication used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is a type of carbapenem antibiotic that works by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death. Meropenem is administered intravenously and is indicated for the treatment of various infections, including pneumonia, complicated intra-abdominal infections, and complicated urinary tract infections.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Vancomycin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, by Bruker (2 mentions)
Chlorhexidine digluconate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tobramycin, by Novartis (1 mentions)
Colistin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ceftazidime, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Mh agar, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Xbai restriction enzyme, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Tigecycline, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
5 protocols using meropenem
1
Isolation and Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii
2
Acinetobacter baumannii Murine Infection
3
Antibiotic Resistance Profiling of P. aeruginosa Isolates
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The clinical strains P. aeruginosa (PACL, PA1, PA2, PA4, PA5, PA6, PA7, PA9, PA10, PA11, PA12, PA13, and PA14) were isolated from the patients in the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand as approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University (IRB 610/2564) and the Institutional Biosafety Committee (MDCU-IBC001/2022). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against Chlorhexidine digluconate (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), colistin (Sigma-Aldrich), imipenem (Siam Pharmaceutical, Bangkok, Thailand), meropenem (Pfizer, NY, USA), and tobramycin (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) were evaluated by the broth microdilution method using cation-adjusted Mueller–Hinton broth (BBL, MD, USA) as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines [60 ]. Briefly, serial dilutions of these agents were prepared in 96-well culture plates, followed by inoculation of P. aeruginosa isolates (final concentration 1 × 105 CFU/well) and incubation at 37 °C for 18 h. The MICs, the lowest concentration that can inhibit bacterial growth, and the susceptibility test were visually evaluated following the CLSI guidelines (Supplementary Table S4 ).
4
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Protocol
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Imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, and tigecycline was purchased from Pfizer. MH agar was purchased from OXOID. Primers were synthesized by Sangon Biotech Shanghai Co. Ltd. Premix Taq was purchased from Takara Biotech Dalian Co. Ltd. Xba I restriction enzymes were purchased from Thermo.
5
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae Screening
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CPE screening was performed as previously reported. 19, 20 Briefly, a stool or rectal swab with visible fecal staining was submerged into brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 10 mg/L vancomycin (Sigma Aldrich) and 0.5 mg/L meropenem (Hospira), incubated at 37°C overnight for enrichment. Ten microliters of the enriched broth was subcultured onto MacConkey agar with 2 µg/mL meropenem and incubated aerobically at 35°C for 48 hours. Enterobacteriaceae that grew on the selective agars were identified using matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (Bruker Daltonics). Antimicrobial susceptibilities of the Enterobacteriaceae were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute or manufacturer's instructions. The presence of carbapenemase in the isolates was screened using the combined-disc test (meropenem/imipenem/ertapenem alone vs combination with phenyl boronic acid or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction targeting bla NDM , bla KPC , and bla OXA, bla IMP , bla VIM , bla GES , bla IMI , and bla SME genes. 19
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