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399 protocols using gel doc system

1

Stable HEK293T Cell Line for Azido-Phe Incorporation

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Stable HEK293T cell line expressing mutated FARSA protein that enables incorporation of azido-Phe into proteome of the cell was established using construct for piggybac transposase and PB-513B-1-GFP-MmPheT413G. Both plasmids were co-transfected into HEK 293T cells using Lipofectamine 3000 and incubated for 72 h before puromycin selection (10 μg/μl). The presence of the construct was observed as continuous expression of GFP.
Cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1 construct encoding S1m, RFP-S1m and 32×C4G2-S1m using Polyjet reagent (SignaGen Laboratories, Frederick, USA). 24 h later azido-Phe (JennaBioscience, Jena, Germany) was added to a final concentration of 125 μM. After 24 h incubation cell lysates were collected in lysis buffer (1% SDS in PBS with protease inhibitors), sonicated 3 × 10 s at amplitude of 80%. 25 μg of protein was added to the copper-catalyzed Click reaction kit (Jena, Germany). The reaction was done according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Alexa 555 alkyl (Invitrogen, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) was used for staining and imaged on GelDoc System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California, USA). Gels were stained with colloidal Coomassie dye G-250 (Gelcode Blue stain reagent, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol and imaged on GelDoc System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, California, USA).
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2

Western Blotting of Protein Lysates

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Protein lysate was collected from cells using RIPA buffer supplied with Protease Inhibitor Cocktail and quantified using BCA Assay (Life Technologies). Twenty micrograms of protein were electrophoresed on precast gel purchased from Life Technologies for 90 minutes. Electrophoresed proteins were transferred onto Nitrocellulose Membrane (Bio-Rad) and blocked with 10% milk (Bio-Rad) for 1 hour at room temperature. Primary antibody was then added and incubated overnight. Following day, Nitrocellulose Membrane was washed thrice, 5 minutes each with TBST buffer before being incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibody (Agilent Dako) for 1 hour at room temperature. Membrane was then washed thrice, 5 minutes each, followed by addition of Lighting ECL Reagent (GE Amersham) and the membrane was visualized with Bio-Rad GelDoc+ System (Bio-Rad).
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3

Immunoblotting of Cerebellar Proteins

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P7 cerebella were dissected in PBS and lobules IX and X separated from lobules I–VIII. Tissue was lysed in 8 M urea, 1% CHAPS, 50 mM Tris (pH 7.9) followed by the removal of DNA by centrifugation. Proteins (10 μg per lane) were resolved on a Mini-PROTEAN precast gel (Bio-Rad, United Kingdom) and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Bio-Rad, United Kingdom). After blocking with 0.5% nonfat milk powder in TBS with 0.5% Tween-20 (TBST), the membrane was incubated with primary antibodies (rabbit anti–DAB-1 [C-terminal], Sigma-Aldrich, D1569, 1:5,000; rabbit anti-GAPDH, Abcam, ab181602, 1:10,000) in 5% BSA, TBST overnight at 4°C. After washing and incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (Millipore) for 1 hour at room temperature, HRP conjugates were detected using Clarity Western ECL reagent (Bio-Rad). Gels were visualized on a Bio-Rad gel doc system and images analyzed with Image Lab (Bio-Rad) and prepared using Adobe Photoshop.
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4

Clonogenic Assay Protocol

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Cells were counted and mixed with growth media containing 0.35% agarose and then plated on top of a solidified layer of 0.7% agarose in 6-well plates and maintained for 2 weeks. Pictures were taken by using Bio-Rad Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad, Mississauga, Canada) and colonies were counted by the ImageJ software or visual inspection. The circularity function was set to 0.2 to 1.00, with the pixel size set to 0.1–Infinity. The cloning efficiency was calculated by dividing the number of colonies by the number of cells initially plated in each well and expressed as percentages with a logarithmic scale.
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5

Anchorage-independent Growth Assay

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Soft agar assay was performed as described before41 . Briefly, triplicates of different H460 stable cells (2 × 103) were mixed with complete growth media containing 0.4% agarose and then plated over 0.8% agarose in each well of 6-well plates. After 24 hr, 1 ml of complete growth medium with 50 μg/ml of Hygromycin B was added to each well. Culture media was refreshed at every 3 days. The cultures were maintained at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator for 15 days and colonies were stained with 0.005% crystal violet in 20% methanol. Pictures were taken by using Bio-Rad Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad, Mississauga, Canada) and colonies were quantified by colony count program in Quantity One software. Data from soft agar assays were statistically analyzed using unpaired t-tests, and P values < 0.05 were considered significant.
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6

Hypoxia-Mediated Protein Expression

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Cells were seeded at a density of 1×106 and exposed to 21% O2 (normoxia) or 1% O2 (hypoxia) for 6, 24, and 48 hours. Cells were lysed on ice with cell lytic buffer (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with protease and phosphatase inhibitors for immunoblotting. Blots were probed with for respective proteins at 4°C for 16 hours. Peroxidase-labeled anti-rabbit/anti-mouse antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., Dallas, TX, USA) was used as the secondary antibody. Super west chemiluminescence substrate (Pierce) was used for detection of proteins by chemiluminescence. Images were acquired on Bio-Rad gel doc system (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA, USA) and documented.
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7

Soft Agar Assay for Anchorage-Independent Growth

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Soft agar assay was performed as described before34 (link). Briefly, triplicates of different MCF-10A stable cells (3 × 103) were mixed with complete growth media containing 0.4% agarose and then plated over 0.8% agarose in each well of 6-well plates. After 24 hr, 1 ml of complete growth medium was added to each well. Culture media was refreshed at every 2–3 days. The cultures were maintained at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator for 15 days and colonies were stained with 0.005% crystal violet in 20% methanol. Pictures were taken by using Bio-Rad Gel Doc System (Bio-Rad, Mississauga, Canada) and colonies were quantified by colony count program in Quantity One software. Data from soft agar assays were statistically analyzed using unpaired t-tests, and P values < 0.05 were considered significant.
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8

Western Blot Protein Analysis Protocol

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Briefly, protein lysate was collected from cells using radioimmunoprecipitation assay buffer and was quantified by bicinchoninic acid assay (Life Technologies, Carlsbad). A 20 μg of protein was mixed with 2X Laemmli buffer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA), boiled at 100°C for 10 minutes, and loaded into Tris-acetate sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gel and resolved at 100 V for 90 minutes. Proteins were transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, blocked with 5% milk in TBST at 4°C overnight with shaking. Following probing of the membrane with primary antibodies, HRP-conjugated secondary antibody (Agilent Dako) was added for 1 hour. Visualization was performed by enhanced chemiluminescence reagent (GE Amersham, UK) and imaged using a Bio-Rad Gel Doc+System (Bio-Rad).
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9

Western Blot Protein Analysis Protocol

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Cell extracts were obtained from vehicle control or PBI-05204–treated cultures, washed with cold PBS, and subjected to lysis buffer containing proteinase and phosphatase inhibitor cocktails. Proteins were subjected to 7 or 15% sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), transferred to nitrocellulose, and probed with appropriate antibodies as per recommendations of the suppliers. Reactive bands were visualized with a chemiluminescent detection kit (Perbio Science, Tattenhall, UK) in a Bio-Rad gel Doc system (Bio-Rad Laboratories S.r.l., Milan, Italy) or visualized using Pierce ECL Plus substrate (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). For the detection of protein using LiCor Odyssey scanner (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln NE), membrane was incubated in IRDye Secondary antibody (1:20,000, No. 925-32211, Li-COR) at room temperature for 1 h followed by three washes with TBS-T. Membrane was then imaged using LiCor Odyssey scanner, and bands were quantified with Image Studio Lite software. Normalization of specific bands was performed using an anti-tubulin or anti–β-actin antibody.
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10

Western Blot Protein Analysis Protocol

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Cell protein lysates were obtained as previously described [12 (link),28 (link)]. Protein levels were quantified with the BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL). Protein (15 μg) was mixed with NuPAGE® Reducing agent containing NuPAGE® LDS sample buffer (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), heated at 70°C for 10 min, and loaded into Novex® 4–12% Bis-Tris precast gels (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) for SDS-PAGE. Proteins were transferred onto 0.45 μm PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% BSA in TBST (20mM Tris-HCl, PH 7.6, 150mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20). Membranes were incubated with primary antibodies at 4°C overnight, and washed three times in TBST. Afterwards, secondary antibodies were applied at room temperature for 1 h, followed by three washes with TBST. Bands were visualized with Supersignal® HRP substrate (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL) and imaged with Bio-Rad Gel Doc™ system (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA).
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