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449 protocols using cary 5000

1

Characterization of Silver Nanowire Films

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The morphology of the AgNWs was analyzed using SEM (SEM, TESCAN, Brno, Czech). Crystallographic properties of AgNWs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Max 2500, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) The sheet resistance of the specimen before and after laser scanning were measured by the four-point probe system (SDY-4D, Guangzhou, China). The transmittance and reflection spectra were collected by an UV-VIS spectrophotometer equipped with an integrating sphere. (Cary 5000, Varian, Palo Alto, CA, USA). The value of haze was determined as the degree of diffuse light scattering through the films. It was calculated according to the relationship Haze = (TtotTspec)/Ttot, where Ttot is the total transmittance and Tspec is the specular transmittance of the films. Stretching were conducted by applying mechanical loads to the sample using a computer-controlled automatic stand (Suns, Shenzhen, China). The stability tests of the samples were stored in an environmental test chamber up to 30 days (Excal 2214, Climats, France), where the relative humidity and the temperature were 85% RH and 85 °C, respectively. Simulations were carried out using the finite element method (COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a). In the simulation, the AgNWs are 60 nm in diameter, 2 µm in length, and overlap at a single point.
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2

Photovoltaic Performance of Solar Cell Architectures

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Photovoltaic measurement of the single DSSC and CIGS solar cells, the tandem cell, and the photoelectrochemical cell was carried out with a potentiostat (Iviumstatpotentiostat, Ivium) under an AM 1.5 solar simulator which was equipped with a 300 W xenon lamp (ABET, Sun 2000) and an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) measurement unit (PV measurement Inc.). The average solar cell performances were characterized with three samples for each type of solar cells. Stability tests were conducted under the same conditions as the photovoltaic measurement but the solar cells were kept in a dark environment while aging the cell. The transmittance of Y123 sensitized photoanodes was measured with a UV-Vis spectrometer (Varian, Cary 5000). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed using open circuit potential and 1 sun simulated light illumination, with a frequency of 100 kHz to 0.1 Hz applied via a potentiostat (Iviumstatpotentiostat, Ivium). The obtained EIS spectra were fitted using Z-View software (ver. 2.8d).
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3

Co(II) Absorption Spectra in Ethylene Glycol

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UV–vis absorption spectra
were measured by a Varian Cary 5000 spectrophotometer with a resolution
of 1.0 nm using a pair of quartz cuvettes (10.0 mm path length). The
EG solutions contained 0.30 g·L–1 Co(II) (as
CoCl2) and various concentrations of LiCl or TEAC. Pure
EG solvent was used as a reference. The LP phase obtained from the
slope analysis containing only Co(II) was also measured, using pure p-cymene as a reference solvent.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of AgNPs

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Synthesis of AgNPs was assured by measuring the UV–vis spectrum of the reaction mixture. The absorption spectrum was recorded over the range of 300–800 nm using UV–vis spectrophotometer (Cary 5000, Varian, Australia).
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5

Spectroscopic Analysis of Sunglass Lenses

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Electromagnetic spectroscopy—transmittance—was performed on sunglasses with the CARY 5000 (VARIAN) spectrophotometer, which is a double-beam system, in the visible range, from 380 to 780 nm, with 5-nm steps.
ISO 12312-1:2013 establishes that spectroscopic measurements should be performed so that the optical path from the light source to the sensor passes through the geometric center of the lens, in a region of 5 mm in diameter.
The transmittance spectrum of the sunglasses’ lenses in the visible range (luminous transmittance), as well as traffic signal color ranges, led to determining the categories of the lenses, as well as the Q factors for red, yellow and green. From these values, we check whether the sunglasses comply with item 5.3.2 Requirements for road use and driving.
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6

Comprehensive Characterization of Nanomaterials

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Atomic force micrographs were acquired in non-contact mode with a ppp-NCHR 5M probe (Nanosensors) attached to a XE-100 microscope (Park Systems). The Raman spectra were acquired using a Renishaw In-Via system with a 532 nm excitation laser. The XRD profiles were obtained using a Dmax2500/PC (Rigaku) spectrometer operated at 40 kV, 200 mA, and 8 kW using a Cu target (1.5406 Å) at a scan rate of 2° min−1. The XPS profiles were acquired using a PHI 5000 VersaProbe (Ulvac-PHI) system at a base pressure of 6.7 × 10−8 Pa using a monochromated Al Ka (1486.6 eV) anode (25 W, 15 kV) with a spot size of 100 μm × 100 μm. The transmittance data were recorded on a Cary 5000 (Varian) spectrometer from 175 nm to 3300 nm at a scan rate of 600 nm·min−1 at a resolution of 1.0 nm. The optical spectrum, its characteristics, and those of the pulse waveform, were respectively measured using an autocorrelator (25 fs resolution, HAC-200, Alnair Labs), an optical spectrum analyzer (0.02 nm resolution, C-band scan range, SW7370C, Yokogawa), and an oscilloscope (DSO 5054A, Agilent Technology).
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7

Comprehensive Material Characterization Techniques

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
images were captured on a FEI nova 450 field-emission electron microscope.
XRD patterns were collected by XRD (Bruker D8 Advance diffractometer)
using monochromatized Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5418 Å).
TEM images were captured on a Tecnai G2 F20 U-TWIN electron
microscope with an accelerating voltage of 200 kV. That same microscope
was used to perform dark field imaging, EDS mapping, and high-resolution
TEM (HRTEM). XPS was conducted using a Thermo ESCALAB 250XI multifunctional
imaging electron spectrometer using 150 W Al Kα radiation and
base pressure of approximately 3 × 10–9 mbar.
The binding energies were calibrated to the C 1s line at 284.8 eV.
UV–visible absorption spectra were obtained by a UV–vis–NIR
spectrometer (Varian Cary 5000).
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8

Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization of Starches

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Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analyses on NM, CS, SAPS, and BAPS were conducted in a Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10 analyzer; 32 scans were obtained with a resolution of 4 cm−1 over the wavenumber range of 4000–400 cm−1. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained in a diffractometer (Ultima IV Rigaku). Scanning electron microscopy images and X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were obtained in a JOEL spectrometer (6510 pus). Adsorption spectra in the UV-Vis region (1100–200 nm) were performed in a UV-Vis-NIR (Near IR) spectrophotometer (Cary 5000 Varian). Textural properties of the different starches were determined using the BET equation (Micromeritics Tristar II plus). The apparent viscosity of NM was measured by a digital Brookfield Viscometer (Generic DH-DJ-8S Model). The mechanical properties of the selected bioplastics were determined using a Texture Analyzer (Shimadzu EZ-LX Short Model). The diameter of the obtained thread was measured with a Digital Vernier (Mitutoyo 150 mm 500-196-20 model).
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9

Synthesis and Characterization of PASP-ENHM Colorimetric Sensor

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L-ASP and
phosphoric acid (85 wt % in H2O) were purchased from Aladdin. N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), ED, sodium
hydroxide (NaOH), and HCl were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Metal
salts (CaCl2, FeCl3, ZnCl2, SnCl2, NiCl2, CuCl2, Pb(NO3)2, AgNO3) and EDTA were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich.
Distilled water was used throughout the study. All chemicals were
of analytical grade purity and used without further purification.
The morphology and chemical composition of the nanofiber membranes
were examined by the scanning electron microscope (S3000N, Hitachi
Ltd., Japan) and EDS. The FTIR spectrum was recorded with an FTIR
spectroscope with a diamond attenuated total reflection sampling accessory
(Frontier, PerkinElmer, USA). Visible absorption spectra were obtained
on a UV–vis spectrophotometer (Cary 5000, Varian, USA) with
a 1.0 cm quartz cell in the wavelength range from 400 to 700 nm. A
spectro-colorimeter (Labscan XE, HunterLab, USA) was used for determining
reflectance spectra and L*a*b values of the PASP–ENHM-based colorimetric sensor.
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10

Characterizing AlGaN Superlattice Structures

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The periodically interrupted epitaxy for AlGaN SLs was characterized with STEM (Thermo Scientific Themis Z, operating at 200 kV). The specimens for STEM were prepared by FIB (Thermo Scientific Helios G4 HX) with a thickness of about 50 nm. SIMS (Cameca IMS-6F), Hall effect (Accent HL5550 LN2), and I–V (Keithley 2400) were carried out. Transmission spectrum is measured by Varian Cary 5000 UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and a reference sample containing all structures except for the p-AlGaN SLs is used to account for the influences of other layers on the measurements. For I–V at cryogenic temperature, physical property measurement system (PPMS, Quantum Design) was used. The LOP of DUV-LEDs was measured by an integrating sphere for UV light (Everfine).
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