For measurement data, the mean ± standard deviation was used depending on the normality test results. Independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA or nonparametric tests were employed for comparison between groups, and linear regression was used for multifactor analysis.
Count data were presented as the number of cases (percentage), and the chi-square test was used for group comparison. Multifactor analysis was performed using logistic regression. A two-sided p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests.