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6 protocols using liquid nitrogen

1

Hydrosilylation Reaction Protocols

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The chemicals were purchased from the following sources: Karstedt’s catalyst (platinum(0)-1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex (Pt2(dvs)3) solution in xylene with 2% of Pt), calcium hydride, platinum(IV) oxide (surface area ≥ 75 m2/g) from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Sodium and benzophenone from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Polysiloxanes: Cross-linker 101 (PS1, 4.3 mmol/g Si–H content) and 120 (PS2, 1.1 mmol/g Si-H content) from Evonik (Darmstadt, Germany). ((IPr*)Pt(dvds)) (IPr* = 1,3-bis{2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl}-imidazol-2-ylidene) and Mono(alkenyl)functionalized silsesquioxanes were synthesized according to the literature [101 (link),102 (link)]. Toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform-d, molecular sieves type 4 Å from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Argon and liquid nitrogen were obtained from Linde Gas (Kraków, Poland). All syntheses were conducted under argon atmosphere using standard Schlenk-line and vacuum techniques. Toluene was dried over CaH2 and THF over Na with benzophenone prior to use and stored under argon over type 4 Å molecular sieves.
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2

Synthesis of Isotopically Labeled Compounds

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The following
isotopically labeled standards were synthesized as previously reported:
(13C4)-butane-2,3-dione,29 (link) (2H2)-butanoic acid, (2H2)-δ-decalactone and (2H2)-δ-dodecalactone,30 (link) (2H3)-ethyl butanoate,31 (link) (2H3)-ethyl hexanoate and (2H3)-hexanoic acid,32 (link) (2H2)-3-methylbutanal,33 (link) (2H2)-3-methylbutanol and (2H2)-3-methylbutanoic
acid,34 (link) (2H3)-pentanoic
acid,35 (link) (13C2)-2-phenylethanol,36 (link) (2H3)-acetic acid, and
(13C2)-2-phenylacetic acid were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, and (2H7)-2-methylpropanoic
acid was from Merck.
Diethyl ether, sodium carbonate, sodium
chloride, and anhydrous sodium sulfate were purchased from Merck.
Liquid nitrogen was obtained from Linde (Munich, Germany). Diethyl
ether was freshly distilled prior to use. l-Norleucine and
4-methylumbelliferyl butanoate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
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3

Fluorescent Tracers for Porcine Tongue Analysis

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Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextrans (FD20 -16.8 kDa; FD70 -70 kDa), FITC-albumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA, 66 kDa), eosin Y, formalin and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Prague, CZ). Caffeine, sodium chloride and xylene were purchased from Dr. Kulich Pharma (Hradec Králové, CZ), haematoxylin from Lachema (Brno, CZ). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, type Z 220, the viscosity of 4wt% water solution at 20°C 11.5 -15 mPas) from Nippon Gohsei (Düsseldorf, GE), polyethylene oxide (PEO, 400 kDa) was purchased from Scientific Polymer Products (New York, USA). Formic acid, phosphoric acid, potassium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ethanol (96%) were supplied by Penta Chemicals (Prague, CZ). Sodium azide was purchased from Chemapol (Prague, CZ). Liquid nitrogen was purchased from Linde Gas (Prague, CZ). All the aqueous solutions were prepared with purified water. All the chemicals were used as received without further purification.
Fresh porcine tongues were obtained from the local slaughterhouse Maso Planá (Planá nad Lužnicí, CZ).
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Ettringite

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The main materials for this study were CASUL® H1i from Remondis, aluminium sulphate octadecahydrate (≥98%) from Carl Roth, calcium hydroxide (≥95%) from Sigma-Aldrich, Millipore water (18.2 MΩ·cm) cleaned by an Arium 611DI from Sartorius GmbH & Co. KG, Goettingen, Germany (in the following referred to as water), and liquid nitrogen (≥99.999%) from Linde. As an internal standard for XRD measurements, silicon (97.5%) from Riedel-de Haën was used. The synthetic ettringite was stored at inert conditions (25 °C, 1.015 bar, Ar atmosphere) for the whole study.
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5

Preparation of Cabbage Powder for Experiments

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The amount and distribution of gluscosinolates and SMSCO in brassica vegetables varies widely according cultivar and growing conditions [6] (link). To obtain consistent material for use across experiments, a homogeneous batch of cabbage powder was prepared. Fresh whole red cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra, L.) ∼2 kg, were purchased from a local supermarket. After washing and rinsing with Milli-Q water, the outer leaves were removed and discarded. The cabbages were cut into quarters and processed a quarter at a time. For the ex vivo assay, roughly chopped cabbage pieces (∼1 cm2) were transferred into liquid nitrogen (Linde Australia) and blended in a stainless steel vessel into a fine powder until the whole cabbage was processed. The cabbage powder was pooled, mixed and distributed into 20 separate plastic storage tubes (50 mL) sealed and stored frozen at −80 °C until later use. For the in vivo study, roughly fresh cut fresh cabbage pieces (2 cm2) were weighed into plastic cups (4 g). Cooked cabbage was prepared by steaming for 5 minutes, cooling and cutting into ∼2 cm2 pieces.
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6

Characterizing Odorant Compounds

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The following odorants were obtained commercially: linalool and (R)-linalool (Fluka, Neu-Ulm, Germany); ethyl 2-methylbutanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, ethyl methylpropanoate, geraniol, methyl 2-methylbutanoate, (S)-methyl 2-methylbutanoate, and myrcene (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany); and propyl 2-methylbutanoate (TCI, Eschborn, Germany).
The following chemicals were purchased from commercial sources: liquid nitrogen (Linde, Munich, Germany) and diethyl ether, ethanol, and anhydrous sodium sulphate (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany).
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