Spss statistical software package version 15

Continuous values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Mann-whitney, Wilcoxon ranked sum, Kruskal-Wallis H and χ² tests were used to assess the differences between different groups, where appropriate. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression was used to identify independent survival factors. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to adjust for age, tumor stage, and other confounding factors and obtain adjusted P-values comparing continual variables between the two study groups. All tests were two tailed and P<0.05 was considered to indicate a significant difference. The SPSS statistical software package version 15.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data analysis.

The statistical information was analysed using SPSS statistical software package, version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical information that consisted of normally distributed continues variables is represented as means along with standard deviation (SD). The values, which had skewed distribution, were log-transformed and represented as median with interquartile range (IQR). Data displaying normal distribution were evaluated by an independent sample t-test and data that posed a skewed distribution were analysed using a Mann Whitney U test. The Chi–Square test was adopted for comparing the proportion involving binary groups. Univariate analysis was used to assess independent factors associated with CAD. The statistical test results were considered significant if the P value was <0.05. Stepwise backward logistic regression was executed with the implementation of adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to explore predictors of CAD as the dependent variable and independent variables acquired from univariate analyses.

The readings for each cast were recorded and observations were transcribed in a tabular format using Microsoft Excel 2007. The data were then exported to the SPSS statistical software package, version 15.0, (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) for further analysis. Unpaired t test and Chi-square test were used for the comparison of the mean and relationship between the attributes. In all tests, the confidence interval and P value were set at 95% and <0.05, respectively. In addition, the obtained data were subjected to discriminant function analysis to determine the applicability of palatal rugae patterns as a tool to aid sex identification.