Modular ddp

Medical and social history were collected and recorded. The Charlson comorbidity index (CCI)^{[14 (link)]} was calculated, incidence of metabolic syndrome^{[15 (link)]} was recorded. All subjects underwent physical anthropometry measurements including height, weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing weight by the square of height. After fasting for at least 8 h overnight, all patients underwent fasting vein blood collection the next morning and were sent to the laboratory within 1 h after blood collection. Blood routine was tested by automatic hematology analyzer (Sysmex xt-4000). Total leukocyte count and its subtypes (including monocyte count) were measured. Automatic enzyme analyzer (model 7080; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) were used to determined serum lipid, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). The reagent was purchased from Leadman Biochemistry Co., LTD. (Beijing, China). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was determined by boric acid affinity high performance liquid chromatography (Trinity Biotech, ultra-2, Trinity Biotech, Dublin, Ireland). Serum creatinine (Cr) was tested by automatic biochemical analyzer (modular DDP, Roche).

Historical and anthropometric data were collected (including age, sex, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, history of hypertension, smoking and drinking). For the routine biochemical variables, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level was assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (Trinity Biotech, PremierHb9210, Ireland). The fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured by an enzymatic assay (Wako Diagnostics, Tokyo, Japan). The thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was measured by chemiluminescence (Modular DDP, Roche). The serum creatinine (Scr) was determined by enzymatic methods (Roche Diagnostic, Mannheim, Germany). The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) level was calculated using the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation. The urinary albumin and creatinine concentrations were measured by the turbidimetric immunoassay and the enzymatic colorimetric method on an automatic analyzer (Hitachi 7600, Tokyo, Japan). The urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated as the urinary albumin (mg)/creatinine (g).

The serum was isolated from 6ml of blood by centrifuging at 3,000 rpm, and it was stored in a freezer at -80℃. The concentrations of serum Ca, Alb, IP, Mg, ALP and CK was measured by Colorimetry method using Clinimate CA (SEKISUI Chemical Co. Ltd., Japan), ALB plus (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), Clinimate IP (SEKISUI Chemical Co. Ltd., Japan ), Roche Integra 800 electrode (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), Modular DDP (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and Hitachi 7600-110 (Hitachi, Japan), respectively. To correct the Ca concentration which is undervalued by abnormal serum protein, Ca(mg/dl) - Alb(g/dl) + 4.0 formula was used [37 (link)]. CK was measured by IFCC method using AU 680 (Beckman coulter, USA).