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5 protocols using odyssey

1

Western Blot Analysis of TLR3 and IRF3

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Cells were first washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and lysed in RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, China). The samples were left on ice for 30 min and centrifuged at 14,000g for 5 min; the supernatant containing total extracts was collected and assayed for TLR3 and IRF3 protein. Protein concentrations in lysates were determined using the BCA protein assay kit (Solarbio, China). A total of 20 μL of each sample containing 50 μg of protein was run on an 8% SDS, tris-glycine-polyacrylamide gel, and transferred to a PVDF membrane (Solarbio). The membrane was treated with a blocking buffer for 12 h at 4 °C, followed by incubation with rabbit IgG anti-IRF-3 and goat IgG anti-TLR3 at a 1:200 dilution in TBS containing 5% fat-free milk overnight at 4 °C. Subsequently, the membrane was incubated in a 1:2000 dilution of biotin-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG, biotin-labeled donkey anti-goat IgG, or biotin-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG for 2 h at room temperature (RT). The membrane was washed three times, then scanned with an Odyssey (BIO-RAD) infrared imaging system, and densitometry of individual bands was performed with the Odyssey (BIO-RAD) imaging software. Densitometry was expressed as fold increase of experimental conditions compared with that of the control.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Autophagy Markers

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For western blot analysis, cells were harvested in 70 μL lysis buffer (3% SDS, 30 mM Tris base, pH 8.8, 5 mM EDTA, 30 mM NaF, 10% glycerol, 1 mM DTT) and 25–50 μg protein with 6x Laemmli buffer was loaded onto 4–20% Bio-Rad Mini- PROTEAN Precast Gels or 12% self-casted acrylamide/bisacrylamide (29:1) gels. After electrophoresis, the proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes with Bio-Rad Tris/Glycine buffer or self-made transfer buffer (25 mM Tris base, 190 mM glycine, 20% methanol, pH 8.3) and stained with the following antibodies: ubiquitin – FK2 clone Millipore, 04–263; mCherry – Novus Biologicals, NBP1-96,752; GFP – Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-9996; LC3B – Cell Signaling Technology, 2775; SQSTM1/p62 – Sigma-Aldrich, P0067; ZFTVE1/DFCP1 – Cell Signaling Technology; WIPI2 – Invitrogen; ACTN2 (actinin alpha 2) – Sigma-Aldrich, A2543 or A7811; RPS6 (ribosomal protein S6) – Cell Signaling Technology, 2771; GAPDH – HyTest, 5G4. Western blots were either detected with LI-COR Biosciences Odyssey (Figures 4A, E, G, M and 5D) or Biorad ChemiDoc (Figures 4C, I, J, K and 5E).
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3

Liver and Cell Protein Analysis

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Protein samples (30-50 μg) were prepared from livers and cells and separated by SDS-PAGE, followed by transfer to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes as reported previously[21 (link)]. Blots were incubated with antibodies (1:1000) against AnxA1 (Abcam, cat: ab214486), α-SMA (50 μL, Affinity Biosciences, Jiangsu, cat: AF1032), β-catenin (50 mL, MedChemExpress, cat: 51067-2-AP) and GAPDH (Abcam, cat: ab181602), followed by incubation with a peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse/rabbit IgG(H + L) (1:5000; Invitrogen, cat: TJ26211). Proteins were visualized using fluorescence scanner imaging system (Odyssey; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, United States).
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4

Analyzing Snf1 Phosphorylation in Yeast

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To prevent activation of SNF1 by processing of the cells (Wilson et al., 1996 (link)), cells were killed before centrifugation by addition of 1ml 100% TCA to 5ml of cells. Cells were vortexed with glass beads, pelleted, and resuspended in non-fluorescent sample buffer (Licor 928-40004). Protein concentration was determined by the Coomassie elution with SDS method (Marbach et al., 2001 (link)), except that destaining was done with water. Protein extracts were run on 10% (12% or 15% for Mms21-3HA) TGS gels (Biorad) and transferred to PVDF membranes. Phostag (Waco) was added at 0.15ml/10 mix when required. Membranes were probed with mouse anti-Myc (9E10, Santa Cruz), rabbit anti-S-tag (Abcam), rabbit anti-phospho-RxxS (Cell Signaling), mouse anti-HA (Roche or Santa Cruz), mouse anti-FLAG (M2, Sigma), with all antibodies diluted 1000-fold in blocking buffer (Rockland MB-070). Snf1 phosphorylated on T210 (P-Snf1) was detected using rabbit anti-phospho T172 AMPKα (Cell Signaling). Loading controls were detected with rabbit anti-actin (Epitomics, 500-fold diluted) or mouse anti-Pgk1 (Invitrogen, 10000-fold diluted) antibodies. Secondary antibodies were anti-mouse 680LT and anti-rabbit 800CW (LiCOR) or anti-mouse Dylight 488 and anti-rabbit Dylight 549 (Epitomics). Blots were visualized with a LiCOR odyssey or a Biorad imager. Quantifications were performed using NIH ImageJ.
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5

Western Blot Protein Analysis

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Cells were washed with ice-cold PBS and lysed with 25 mM Hepes, pH 7.2 (H4034; Sigma-Aldrich), 125 mM potassium acetate (104820; Merck Millipore), 2.5 mM magnesium acetate (105819; Merck Millipore), 5 mM EGTA (E3889; Sigma-Aldrich), 0.5% NP-40 (I18896; Sigma-Aldrich), and 1 mM DTT (D0632; Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (P9340; Sigma-Aldrich). Cell lysates were then subjected to SDS-PAGE on 10% (567-1034; Bio-Rad) or 4%–20% (567-1094; Bio-Rad) gradient gels and blotted onto Immobilon-P membranes (IPVH00010; Merck Millipore). Membranes incubated with fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies (IRDye680 and IRDye800; LI-COR) were developed by Odyssey infrared scanner (LI-COR). Membranes detected with HRP-labeled secondary antibodies were developed using Clarity Western ECL substrate solutions (Bio-Rad) with a ChemiDoc XRS+ imaging system (Bio-Rad). Quantification of immunoblots was performed using the Odyssey, Volume tools of Image Lab (Bio-Rad), or ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health).
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