Sodium hydroxide (naoh)

Commercially available FER zeolites (denoted as FER-C) were provided by Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute (SPRI). In the post-treatment process, ferrierites were treated with 0.3 M NaOH (96.0 wt%, China National Medicine Group, Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Shanghai, China) solution at 80 °C for 6 h with solution/zeolite ratio of 10:1. After that, the suspension was cooled down and washed by deionized water thoroughly before being dried overnight. The obtained samples were denoted as FER-AT. Recrystallized FER zeolites (denoted as FER-Re) were prepared with a tow-step produce including etching the zeolite in 0.3 M NaOH solution followed by the hydrothermal recrystallization in the presence of 0.1 M sodium oleate (China National Medicine Group, Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co.) at 170 °C for 12 h. Products were recovered by filtration, washed thoroughly with distilled water, and dried overnight. Then, all the FER samples were calcined at 550 °C for 4 h. To convert the FER zeolites into H-form, the samples were exchanged with 10 wt% CH₃COONH₄ solution at 80 °C for 2 h three times and calcined in a dry air flow at 550 °C for 4 h.

1-Butanethiol (Energy Chemical, Shanghai, China, 98%), 2-bromopropionic acid (Energy chemical, Shanghai, China, 99%), tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (Aladdin, Shanghai, China, 99%), 2,2’-(thiocarbonyldithio)diacetic acid, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) (Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, 99%), N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (DMAEA) (Energy chemical, Shanghai, China, 98%), N,N-Diethylacrylamide (DEA) (Aladdin, Shanghai, China, 99%), N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)acrylamide (DPAA) (Energy Chemical, Shanghai, China, 98%), 3-mercaptopropionic acid (Aladdin, Shanghai, China, 99%), 2-Bromoisobutyric acid (Energy chemical, Shanghai, China, 98%), 4,7-Di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT as photoredox catalyst in this study) (ARK, Chicago, IL, USA, >98.0%), bis(carboxymethyl) trithiocarbonate, CAS: 6326-83-6) (BCMT) (Energy Chemical, Shanghai, China, 98%), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (Aladdin, Shanghai, China, 99.8%) were purchased from chemical company, respectively. Acetone, hydrochloric acid, carbon disulfide, chloroform, DCM, hexane, ether, K₃PO₄·3H₂O, NaCl, NaOH, D₂O, CDCl₃, anhydrous Na₂SO₄ were obtained from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co., Shanghai, China.

Nickel nitrate (Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and formamide were purchased from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Company. Iridium (IV) chloride hydrate (IrCl₄·xH₂O, Ir ≥ 56.0%) was purchased from Aladdin. Potassium hydroxide (99.99%) was purchased from Macklin. Nafion solution (5 wt%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Water–¹⁸O (97 atom% ¹⁸O) was purchased from Beijing InnoChem Science & Technology Co., Ltd. All the other chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. All aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹.

Salted ginger (Kaempferia galanga) slices (10% NaCl, thickness 2–3 mm) and Allura red (food grade, 98% purity) were provided by Laiwu Manhing Foods Corporation (Shandong, China). Analytical grade reagents, including sodium hydroxide, CaCl₂ and anhydrous ethanol, were purchased from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Corporation (Shanghai, China). All aqueous solutions were prepared with deionized water (Milli-Q water).

Cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, ≥98.5%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥96.0%), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, active Cl ≥96.0%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, ≥ 85.0%), active carbon, alcohol (≥99.7%), and Nafion (15–20%) were purchased from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Company. Iridium (IV) chloride hydrate (IrCl₄·xH₂O, Ir ≥56.0%) was purchased from Aladdin. All the other chemicals were of analytical grade and used as received without further purification. All aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm⁻¹.