L-Glutathione (reduced), glutathione oxidized, L-methionine, trans-2-hexenal, acetonitrile, sodium borohydride (NaBH4), ethanol, N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L-cysteine (Boc-Cys-OH), triethylamine, sodium sulfate, triethylsilane, trifluoroacetic acid, 4-methylpent-3-en-2-one (mesityl oxide), mesityl oxide-d10, sodium carbonate, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epicatechin gallate, procyanidin B1 and procyanidn B2 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Diethyl ether, pyridine, dichloromethane, 1,4-dioxane, pentane and ethyl acetate were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid (LC-MS, Fluka), methanol (LC-MS, Chromasolv, Sigma-Aldrich) and ultra-pure water of Milli Q gradient (EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) were used for chromatography. For grape grinding under cryogenic conditions (−196 °C) a M20 mill from IKA (Staufen, Germany) was used.
Milli q gradient
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
The Milli-Q Gradient is a water purification system developed by Merck Group. It is designed to produce high-quality ultrapure water for various laboratory applications. The system utilizes a multi-stage purification process to remove impurities and contaminants from the water, ensuring consistent and reliable water quality.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Glacial acetic acid, by Guangzhou Chemical (3 mentions)
Emsure, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Trifluoroacetic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Triethylsilane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pentane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Epicatechin gallate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trans 2 hexenal, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium borohydride nabh4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol lc ms chromasolv, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Procyanidin b1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L methionine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
14 protocols using milli q gradient
1
Quantification of Grape Polyphenols
2
Quantification of Pesticides in Soil
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Pesticides were extracted and measured as described by Riedo et al.30 (link) Briefly, accelerated solvent extraction (Dionex
ASE 350, Thermo Scientific) was used to extract pesticides from 6
g of soil. The method contained two extraction steps. In a first step,
an organic mixture of acetone, methanol, and acetonitrile at a ratio
of 65:10:25 (% v/v) was used. In a second, acidic step, the soils
were extracted with a mixture of acetone and 1% phosphoric acid in
Millipore water (Milli-Q Gradient, Merck) at a ratio of 70:30 (% v/v).
The extracts were further processed by solvent evaporation under compressed
air and subsequent extract dilution with 90:10 (% v/v) Millipore water
and methanol. The pesticides were then analyzed by high-performance
liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer
(HPLC-MS/MS). Reversed phase HPLC with water and methanol as the mobile
phase was used for separation. Detection was performed with MS/MS
(QTrap 5500, Sciex), and all quantified concentrations were converted
into μg per kg of dry soil. The limit of quantification ranged
between 0.064 and 36 μg/kg depending on the substance. For further
figures of merits and quality control/quality assurance measures,
we refer to theSupporting Information
(Chapter 1.2. High-performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Triple
Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)) and Riedo et al.30 (link)
ASE 350, Thermo Scientific) was used to extract pesticides from 6
g of soil. The method contained two extraction steps. In a first step,
an organic mixture of acetone, methanol, and acetonitrile at a ratio
of 65:10:25 (% v/v) was used. In a second, acidic step, the soils
were extracted with a mixture of acetone and 1% phosphoric acid in
Millipore water (Milli-Q Gradient, Merck) at a ratio of 70:30 (% v/v).
The extracts were further processed by solvent evaporation under compressed
air and subsequent extract dilution with 90:10 (% v/v) Millipore water
and methanol. The pesticides were then analyzed by high-performance
liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer
(HPLC-MS/MS). Reversed phase HPLC with water and methanol as the mobile
phase was used for separation. Detection was performed with MS/MS
(QTrap 5500, Sciex), and all quantified concentrations were converted
into μg per kg of dry soil. The limit of quantification ranged
between 0.064 and 36 μg/kg depending on the substance. For further
figures of merits and quality control/quality assurance measures,
we refer to the
(Chapter 1.2. High-performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to Triple
Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)) and Riedo et al.30 (link)
3
Elemental Characterization of Ginger Samples
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Dry and milled samples (n = 130) of ginger leaf and caulome were provided by the
Kochi Agricultural Technology Center (Japan). The elemental compositions
of the samples were characterized with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using
a portable instrument (Niton XL3t-950S, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
The average composition across all samples is provided inTable 1 .
Samples with the highest amounts of Mn (Table 2 ) were selected for a series of extraction
experiments.
Extrapure
HNO3 (60 and 70%), HCl (35%), and acetic acid
(AA; CH3COOH, 99%) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Japan).
H2SO4 (95%), H2O2 (30–35%),
and citric acid (CA; HOC(CO2H)(CH2CO2H)2, granular powder) were obtained from Wako Pure Chemistry
Co. (Japan). Ultrapure water was used for the analyses (Milli-Q gradient,
Merck, Germany).
Kochi Agricultural Technology Center (Japan). The elemental compositions
of the samples were characterized with X-ray fluorescence (XRF) using
a portable instrument (Niton XL3t-950S, Thermo Fisher Scientific).
The average composition across all samples is provided in
Samples with the highest amounts of Mn (
experiments.
Extrapure
HNO3 (60 and 70%), HCl (35%), and acetic acid
(AA; CH3COOH, 99%) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Japan).
H2SO4 (95%), H2O2 (30–35%),
and citric acid (CA; HOC(CO2H)(CH2CO2H)2, granular powder) were obtained from Wako Pure Chemistry
Co. (Japan). Ultrapure water was used for the analyses (Milli-Q gradient,
Merck, Germany).
4
Electrochemical Characterization of Electrolytes
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The electrolytes were prepared
from H2SO4 (98%, EMSURE, Merck), NaHCO3 (≥99.7%, Honeywell Fluka), NaClO4 (99.99%, trace
metals basis, Sigma-Aldrich), NaOH (32% by wt. solution, analysis
grade, Merck), and Ultrapure water (Milli-Q gradient, ≥18.2
MΩcm, TOC < 5 ppb). Ar (6.0 purity, Linde), CO (4.7 purity,
Linde), CO2 (4.5 purity, Linde), and H2 (5.0
purity, Linde) were used for purging the electrolytes. The dopamine
coating for the modification of RRDE was prepared from dopamine hydrochloride
(≥98.5%, Sigma-Aldrich). For collection efficiency determination,
K3Fe(CN)6 (>99%, Sigma-Aldrich) was used.
from H2SO4 (98%, EMSURE, Merck), NaHCO3 (≥99.7%, Honeywell Fluka), NaClO4 (99.99%, trace
metals basis, Sigma-Aldrich), NaOH (32% by wt. solution, analysis
grade, Merck), and Ultrapure water (Milli-Q gradient, ≥18.2
MΩcm, TOC < 5 ppb). Ar (6.0 purity, Linde), CO (4.7 purity,
Linde), CO2 (4.5 purity, Linde), and H2 (5.0
purity, Linde) were used for purging the electrolytes. The dopamine
coating for the modification of RRDE was prepared from dopamine hydrochloride
(≥98.5%, Sigma-Aldrich). For collection efficiency determination,
K3Fe(CN)6 (>99%, Sigma-Aldrich) was used.
5
Micro-Scale Chromatography of Myoglobin
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All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Myoglobin from equine skeletal muscle had a purity of 95–100%, ammonium acetate of >99.95%, and Tris-HCl of > 99%. Buffers were prepared with ultrapure water (Milli-Q Gradient, Merck Millipore, Burlington, USA) and degassed in an ultrasonic bath for at least 30 min before usage. Stock solutions of 100 mM NH4OAc (pH 7), 1 mM Tris (pH 7), and 10 g/L Mb in 10 mM NH4OAc (pH 7) were prepared. Feed solutions for the µSMB experiments were prepared from these stock solutions.
6
Comparative Analysis of Chelating Resins
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Three commercially available aminocarboxylic acid-type chelating resins, Presep PolyChelate (250 mg packed into a 3 mL solid-phase extraction cartridge, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical), NOBIAS Chelate PA-1 (250 mg packed into a 6 mL cartridge, Hitachi High-Tech Fielding), and InertSep ME-2 (250 mg packed into a 6 mL cartridge, GL Sciences), were used. The deionized water used for all investigations was prepared using a Merck Milli-Q Gradient. An ICP multielement standard XVI (As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn; 100 mg L -1 each; Merck) and a Y standard stock solution (1000 mg L -1 , Kanto Chemical) were employed as standard solutions; these solutions were diluted appropriately before use. Certified reference materials, EnviroMAT Ground Water (ES-L-1) and EnviroMAT Waste Water (EU-L-3), which were purchased from SCP Science, were used to validate the solid-phase extraction with internal standardization. The other reagents used were of guaranteed or analytical reagent grade.
7
Quantifying Skin Pb Exposure via Acid Wipes
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To quantify skin exposure to Pb the acid wipe sampling method was used (Lidén et al., 2006 (link)). In short, the method uses 0.5 ml of 1% HNO3 (not harmful to skin) to wipe skin areas. The procedure is performed with 3 wipes per area. The workers washed their hands with soap and water, thereafter, sampling areas (index finger, palm, and wrist on both hands and non-dominant little finger) were wiped with 1% HNO3 and rinsed with ultrapure-water (Milli-Q Gradient; Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) to remove all metals present on the skin surface. The little finger on the non-dominant hand was masked to act as a clean reference surface.
The workers then performed their normal work tasks for 2 h without washing their hands during this period. Thereafter, areas of 3 × 3 cm were marked on the palms and wrists and areas of 1 × 2 cm were marked on the index fingers (Table 1 ). Each marked surface was wiped with three pieces of cellulose paper moistened with 0.5 ml of 1% HNO3 each (1.5 ml in total). All three acid wipes from the surface were placed in an acid-washed plastic tube (50 ml), which was filled with 23.5 ml of 1% HNO3. The flasks were shaken for 30 min, and the liquid was then transferred to a different tube (50 ml). Three unused wipes were treated in the same manner to serve as a blank sample. The extracts were analysed for Pb by ICP/MS.
The workers then performed their normal work tasks for 2 h without washing their hands during this period. Thereafter, areas of 3 × 3 cm were marked on the palms and wrists and areas of 1 × 2 cm were marked on the index fingers (
8
Nanoporous Au Catalyst Synthesis
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The electrolytes were prepared from H2SO4 (98% by wt. solution, EMSURE, Merck), NaHCO3 (≥99.7%, Honeywell Fluka), NaClO4 (99.99%, trace metals basis, Sigma-Aldrich), NaH2PO4 (≥99.0%, EMSURE, Merck), Na2HPO4 (≥99.0%, EMSURE, Merck) and Ultrapure water (MilliQ gradient, ≥18.2 MΩcm, TOC <5 ppb). CO (4.7 purity, Linde), Ar (6.0 purity, Linde) and CO2 (4.5 purity, Linde) were used for purging the electrolytes. To prepare the nanoporous Au (NpAu) catalysts, KAu(CN)2 (99.95%, trace metals basis, Sigma-Aldrich), KAg(CN)2 (Sigma-Aldrich), Na2CO3 (≥99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich) and HClO4 (60% by wt. solution, EMSURE, Merck) were used.
9
Elemental Analysis of Plant Samples
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Nitric acid 67% (Kelong Chemical Reagent, China) and hydrogen peroxide 30% (Kelong Chemical Reagent, China) used for digestion were of analytical purity. Internal standard elements, consisting of 1000 mg·L−1 of 6Li, 45Sc, 73Ge, 115In, and 185Re, were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (USA). Calibration solutions of 1000 mg·L−1 of Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn were all purchased from China National Analysis Center for Iron and Steel. The certified reference material used for internal quality control was Citrus leaf reference material (CRM, GBW10020) from the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, China, while, all other chemicals were of analytical grade. Internal standard elements of 6Li, 45Sc, 73Ge, 115In, and 185Re were used as mixed internal standards (200 μg/L). The calibration standard solutions (0–100 μg/L) were prepared by diluting mixed stock standards (10 mg/L) with 4% (V/V) Nitric acid solution appropriately. All experimental solutions were prepared with ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm−1), which was produced by a purification system (Milli-Q Gradient, Millipore, USA).
10
Synthesis of Polycaprolactone-based Nanomaterials
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1,1,1-TCA (99.9%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). Polycaprolactone ([C4H6O2]n) with a molecular weight of 50 kDa was purchased from Daigang Biology Co., Ltd. (Jinan, China). Piperazine-1,4-bisethanesulfonic acid (PIPES), FeCl2·4H2O, NaBH4, and other chemicals were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All chemicals were of analytical grade or above and were used without any further purification. All solutions were prepared using 18 MΩ deionized water (Milli-Q Gradient, Millipore, MA, USA).
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