Sodium meta arsenite 90

All chemicals used in the experiments were of reagent grade. Sodium (meta)arsenite (90%) and sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and were used to prepare the arsenic-contaminated water. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to study the antifouling behaviour of the membranes. Deionised (DI) water was used in sample preparation and for pure water flux measurements. The Gram-positive bacterium methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) were used for the antibacterial study of the membranes.
Three electrospun nanofibrous mixed-matrix membranes were used for this study, as reported earlier [29 (link)]. The membranes were P, CP, and MCP. P was a pristine polysulfone (PSF) membrane, CP consisted of 1 wt% GO–ZnO composite particles in the PSF matrix, and MCP consisted of 1 wt% GO–ZnO–iron oxide composite particles in the PSF matrix.

All chemicals used in the experiments were of reagent grade. Polysulfone (number average molecular weight, Mn ~22,000), N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), acetone, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, sodium (meta) arsenite (90%), and sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate (Na₂HAsO₄ 7H₂O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sydney, Australia). Graphene oxide water dispersion (0.4 wt%) was purchased from Graphenea (Cambridge, MA, USA). Deionized (DI) water was used for sample preparation and pure water flux measurements.