Spss statistics v 20.0

Twelve vegetative and reproductive traits were measured for all 115 US and Chinese accessions, including plant height, shoot number, aboveground biomass, fibrous root biomass, rhizome biomass, belowground biomass, first flowering day, and percentage of ramets that flowered (Supplemental Table 17). In brief, 15 seedlings were randomly chosen from each of the 18 populations and planted in plastic pots (16 cm in diameter and 17.5 cm in height) containing a mixture of vermiculite and soil (1:3). All selected seedlings were grown in a greenhouse with 10‰ salinity concentration. The first flowering day was determined by counting the number of days from root sprouting to the appearance of flowering. Plant height, number of ramets, and fibrous roots were estimated at the end of the growing season. All plants were harvested independently for measurement of aboveground and belowground biomass, including fibrous root biomass and rhizome biomass. All collected plants were dried to constant weight in an oven at 55°C and then weighed with an electronic balance. Effective tillers were estimated by calculating the ratio of flowering tillers at the end of the growing season. Plant height of each accession was measured for the highest ramet. ANOVA was used to examine phenotypic differences between native and introduced populations with SPSS Statistics (v.20.0) (IBM SPSS, 2011 ).

Survival curves of G. mellonella were analyzed by the IBM SPSS statistics v.20.0 (IBM SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, United States). Graphs of R6G and [Ca²⁺]_i were are presented as with Graph Pad Prism 7 (GraphPad Software Inc., California, CA, United States). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Four cell lines (Hela, HepG2, H1299 and MCF-7) were cultured using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), and HCT-116 was cultured in RPMI1640 medium. Both media were supplemented with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and 1% penicillin and streptomycin (v/v). Tumor cells were seeded in 96-well tissue culture plates at a density of 4000–6000 cells/mL at 37 °C in a humidified, 5% CO₂ atmosphere for 24 h. Then pre-set concentrations of tested compounds were added into 3 wells. After 48 h of incubation, the supernatant was replaced by fresh medium (100 μL/well), and 10 μL MTS reagent (some tetrazolium inner salt) was added to each well. After another 2 h of incubation at 37 °C, the optical density was measured at a wavelength of 492 nm on an ELISA microplate reader. The inhibition rates were calculated by the formula in Section 3.2.1. Next, IC₅₀ values for the tested compounds on each cell line were calculated by nonlinear regression analysis using IBM SPSS Statistics v20.0 (IBM-SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA).