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17 protocols using dab chromogenic kit

1

Comparative Analysis of NOS2, ALOXE3 Protein Levels

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NOS2 antibody (Biogot, WB dilution 1:500, IHC-P dilution 1:100), ALOXE3 antibody (Biogot, WB dilution 1:1000), ALOXE3 (Bioss, IHC-P dilution 1:200), β-actin antibody (Biogot, dilution 1:5000), tissue protein extraction kit (Bestbio), animal tissue RNA stable preservation solution (Beyotime), BCA protein concentration assay kit (Beyotime), high-sensitivity ECL chemiluminescence kit, universal SP kit (ZSGB-BIO), DAB chromogenic kit (ZSGB-BIO).
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Endometrial Tissue

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Paraffin-embedded endometrial tissue was cut into 6 um thick slices, dewaxed twice in xylene for 20 min each time, and rehydrated. The sections were then treated with 3% H2O2 for 30 min to inactivate endogenous peroxidase and washed with PBS. The sections were placed in a pressure cooker containing Tris-EDTA (pH 9.0) and boiled for 2 min, after which the heat source was removed, and the sections were left at room temperature for 15 min. The lid of the pressure cooker was then opened and cooled to room temperature. The sections were blocked with a blocking buffer for 30 min at a temperature of 37 °C. Next, the sections were incubated with primary antibody at 4 °C overnight. The following day, the sections were incubated with goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (1:200, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) for 30 min at 37 °C. After washing thrice with PBS, the sections were stained using a DAB chromogenic kit (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) for 5 min. The sections were then rinsed with running water, stained with hematoxylin (Solarbio, Beijing, China) for 6 min, fractionated with 1% hydrochloric acid for 30 s, dehydrated with gradient alcohol, made transparent with xylene, and sealed with a water-soluble sealer (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China). The positive area of the related proteins was measured by Image J software, and three images were used for statistical analysis.
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Breast Cancer Tissues

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Tissue arrays containing multiple human breast cancer and pericarcinomatous tissues (HBreD055CD01and HBreD080CS01) were obtained from Shanghai Outdo Biotech Company (Shanghai, China). The clinical breast cancer tissue microarrays and mice tissue sections were analyzed by IHC staining, as previously described [52 (link)]. According to the protocols of the two-step detection kit (PV-9001, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China), the tissue microarray (TMA) slides or tissue sections were incubated in an appropriate endogenous peroxidase blocker for 10 min at room temperature, followed by incubation with anti-FRMD3 antibodies overnight at 4 °C and subsequent incubation with response enhancer and enhanced enzyme-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG polymer for 20 min at room temperature. A DAB Chromogenic Kit (ZLI-9017, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) was used to detect antibody binding, and the reaction was stopped by immersing the TMA slides or tissue sections in running water once a brown color appeared. Finally, the TMA slides or tissue sections were counterstained with hematoxylin (G1121, Solarbio, Beijing, China), dehydrated using a series of graded alcohol solutions, and mounted. Images were photographed with an Olympus BX50 microscope. Appropriate positive and negative controls were included for each run of the IHC assay.
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4

Immunohistochemical Analysis of KIAA1217

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An immunohistochemistry assay was performed to detect KIAA1217 expression in the TMA tissue samples. The TMA slide was dewaxed in xylene and rehydrated with a series of graded alcohol solutions. Then, antigen retrieval was performed with sodium citrate buffer (C1032, Solarbio, Beijing, China). According to the protocols of the two-step detection kit (PV-9001, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China), the TMA slide was incubated in an appropriate endogenous peroxidase blocker for 10 min at room temperature, followed by incubation with anti-SKT (KIAA1217 is also known as SKT) antibodies overnight at 4 °C and subsequent incubation with response enhancer and enhanced enzyme-labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG polymer for 20 min at room temperature. A DAB Chromogenic Kit (ZLI-9017, ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China) was used to detect antibody binding, and the reaction was stopped by immersing the TMAs in running water once a brown color appeared. Finally, the TMA slide was counterstained with hematoxylin (G1121, Solarbio, Beijing, China), dehydrated using a series of graded alcohol solutions, and mounted. Images were photographed with an inverted microscope. Appropriate positive and negative controls were included for each run of the IHC assay. The antibodies used in this study are listed in Supplementary Table S3.
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5

Detailed Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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Immunohistochemistry was performed as follows: preparing paraffin sections, baking (64 °C, 30 min), dewaxing, hydration, antigen repair (citrate repair solution pH 6.0, ZSGB-Bio, No. ZLI-9065, Beijing, China), blocking (H2O2), incubation with primary antibody (4 ℃, overnight) (Additional file 5), rewarming (37 ℃, 30 min), drop addition of reaction enhancer solution (37 ℃, 20 min), incubation with secondary antibody (37 ℃, 30 min), DAB chromogenic kit (DAB chromogenic kit, ZSGB-Bio, No. ZLI-9019, Beijing, China), hematoxylin counterstaining (Solarbio, No. H8070, Beijing, China), dehydration, transparency, sealing (Solarbio, No. NO. G8590, Beijing, China), image acquisition, and analysis.
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6

Immunohistochemical Staining Protocol

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Tissue samples were fixed in formalin, dehydrated through graded ethanols and xylenes, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned to 4 μm thickness. The sections were dewaxed by xylene and rehydrated with descending concentrations of ethanol. After antigen retrieval was performed with sodium citrate or EDTA solutions, sections were treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide and goat serum to block the endogenous peroxidase and nonspecific antigen binding sites, respectively. Followed by incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C, sections were washed with PBS, incubated with biotinylated secondary antibodies and streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP), stained using DAB chromogenic kit (ZSGB-BIO, Beijing, China), and counterstained using hematoxylin. After staining, sections were dehydrated with increasing concentrations of ethanol, cleared in xylene, and mounted with neutral gum before placing the coverslip. Lastly, photographs were captured using Leica light microscope.
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7

In Situ Detection of HOXD-AS1, miR-186-5p, and PIK3R3

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In situ hybridization was performed to detect the expression of HOXD-AS1, miR-186-5p, and PIK3R3. The probes of HOXD-AS1, miR-186-5p, and PIK3R3 were designed by BOSTER (Wuhan, China). RNA ISH was performed using the in situ hybridization detection kit (BOSTER) and DAB chromogenic kit (ZSGB-BIO) on 3-μm FFPE tissue sections according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The staining scores were determined based on both the intensity and proportion of target gene-positive cells under 20X and 40X objective.
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8

Gastric Carcinoma EBV-CXCR4 Expression Study

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Paraffin-embedded gastric carcinoma tissues were collected from the pathology departments of different hospitals in Shandong Province. EBV-positive cases were identified by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded small RNA1 (EBER1). Sections were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with anti-CXCR4 antibody (1:200). Antigen-antibody complexes were visualized using a DAB chromogenic kit (Zsbio, China). The specimens were randomized, coded, and then analysed by two independent pathologists. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Medical College of Qingdao University. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant before the start of the study.
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9

EBV-Positive Cases Evaluation via EBER1

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EBV-positive cases were identified by in situ hybridization of EBV-encoded small RNA1 (EBER1), which was described previously (30 (link)). Sections were incubated overnight at 4°C with antibodies against ERK1/2 (1:250; no. 4695) or against ET-1 (1:2000; ab117757). Antigen-antibody complexes were visualized using a DAB chromogenic kit (Zsbio, Beijing, China). Specimens were randomized, coded, and then analyzed by two independent observers. Staining intensity of ERK1/2 or ET-1 was scored by proportions of stained cells in GC component as follows: no-staining (0%, Negative), minimal (less than 30%, +/Weak), focal (30 to 60%, 2+/Strong), and diffuse (more than 60%, 2+/Strong). The clinical data of patients were collected, including details of pathological diagnosis. The study has been conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and has been approved by the Ethical Committee of the Medical College of Qingdao University. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant before the start of the study.
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10

Immunohistochemical Staining Optimization

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Paraffin sections were dewaxed using xylene, followed by hydration with absolute ethanol, 95% ethanol, and 75% ethanol. Antigen retrieval was performed by boiling the specimen at 100 ℃ for 15 min using Sodium Citrate Antigen Retrieval Solution (50×; C1032, Solarbio, China). After cooling, permeabilization, blocking, and primary antibody application were the same as previously described herein. The Rabbit Two-step Detection Kit (PV-9001, ZSGB-BIO, China) and DAB Chromogenic Kit (ZLI-9018, ZSGB-BIO, China) were used according to the instruction manuals. The samples were then stained with hematoxylin, dehydrated with 95% ethanol and absolute ethanol, cleared with xylene, and finally mounted with neutral balsam (96949–21-2, Solarbio, China). They were observed and photographed under an optical microscope.
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