Spss 11.5 for windows

Continuous variables were expressed as means with standard deviations (SD) or medians with ranges. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies with percentages. For group comparisons, Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test (categorical variables) and independent sample T-test (continuous variables) were used to compare the differences between subgroups. Univariate analysis for the OS and PFS was performed by the Kaplan–Meier method and the differences were analyzed by the log-rank tests. Significant factors identified in univariate analysis were subsequently enrolled in the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. A two-tailed P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Time dependent ROC curve analysis was performed by R software version 2.15.1 (http://www.r-project.org). And the rest statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL).

Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 6.00 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) software package for PC. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM or median. Data were compared using Student’s t-test analysis or non-parametric one-way analysis of variance Mann-Whitney test when appropriate. ANOVA was used for intergroup comparison. Differences observed in GPR43 immunostaining, assays were compared using Student’s t-test. Values are expressed as the mean ± SEM of ‘n’ number of experiments. Association of GPR43 expression with categorical pathological features was made using χ² analysis. Calculations and analyses were performed with SPSS 11.5 for Windows, and, when appropriate, were two-tailed. Student’s t-test was used to analyze statistical significance between invasion levels. P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Statistical significance was determined using SPSS 11.5 for Windows (http://www.spss.com/statistics/). Continuous variables e.g., plants height, fold-change data in qRT-PCR were presented as the mean ± standard deviation and statistically tested by an unpaired, two-tailed t-test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered significant and P < 0.01 was very significant. The Pearson correlation analysis between the DNA methylation pattern variations (detected by MASP) and the expression levels of methylation-related genes (detected by qRT-PCR) was calculated by the range method using SPSS. −1 ≦ Pearson's r ≦ 1. Pearson's r > 0 indicates the two variables have a positive correlation, Pearson's r < 0 indicates the two variables have a negative correlation, Pearson's r = 0 indicates the two variables have no correlation. The color depth symbolizes the values of Pearson's r, and the red and blue blocks denote positive and negative correlations, respectively.

Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 11.5 for Windows) was used for data compilation and statistical analysis. Independent sample t-test was used for discrete and continuous variables. Independent t-test was applied to test the difference between mean values of the variables in the two groups compared. Mann-Whitney test was used when variables had a nonparametric distribution (to compare number of previous surgeries, intraoperative blood loss, and weight of the retrieved specimen). Chi-square test was applied to those tests that evaluate the possible effect of one variable upon an outcome (postoperative complications). Fischer's exact test was used to compare the rate of postoperative wound infection, as the frequency was less than five.