The TSS was measured by the refractometric method (RX-5000α-Bev, ATAGO, USA). The titratable acidity was determined by titrating the diluted fruit juice to pH 8.20 with 0.1 mol/L NaOH (DELTA-320, Mettler Toledo, Zurich, Switzerland). And the TSS/TA ratio was calculated and used as an indicator of taste quality (19 (link)).
Delta 320
Manufactured by Mettler Toledo
Sourced in Switzerland, China, United States, Japan
The Delta 320 is a laboratory balance produced by Mettler Toledo. It is designed to provide precise and accurate weighing measurements for use in various laboratory settings. The Delta 320 features a high-resolution display and intuitive user interface to facilitate efficient weighing operations.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ics i000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Centrifuge 5424r, by Eppendorf (1 mentions)
Osmomat 030 d, by Gonotec (1 mentions)
Hp6890n, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Agilent 7500, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Vertex 70v, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Hplc ms ms, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Vario macro cube, by Elementar (1 mentions)
San plus, by Skalar (1 mentions)
9678bnwp, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Icap q, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Icap 7600, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Pal α, by Atago (1 mentions)
Gc 7890a, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Nexion 350d, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Xpr2u, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions)
2695 hplc, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
Ics 1000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
33 protocols using delta 320
1
Measuring Fruit Juice Quality
2
Characterization of Commercial Casein Phosphopeptides
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The contents of phosphorus, nitrogen, and purity in the commercial casein phosphopeptides (CPP) samples were determined according to the Chinese standard methods GB 5413.22-2010, GB 5009.5-2010, and GB 31617-2014, respectively. The nitrogen/phosphorus (N/P) molar ratio for each CPP mixture was established by dividing the nitrogen molar mass fraction by that for phosphorus. The CPP samples (1–2 g) were then weighted in an oven at 105°C to a consistent weight to calculate overall moisture content. Separate samples were dissolved in deionized water (10 mg/ml) to determine pH with a standard pH meter (Delta 320, Mettler Toledo, Switzerland).
3
Goat Rumen pH, SCFA, and Osmolarity Analysis
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On day 29, all goats were slaughtered at 6 h after receiving the morning feed. Ruminal content (30 mL) were strained through a 4-layer cheesecloth and immediately subjected to pH measurement by using a pH meter (Mettler-Toledo Delta 320, Halstead, United Kingdom). A 5% HgCl2 solution was added to the fluid samples, which were subsequently stored at −20°C for the determination of SCFA concentration and osmolarity. Rumen tissue from the ventral blind sac was quickly excised and washed in ice-cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4). The epithelium was subsequently separated from the muscle layers and cut into 1–2 cm2 pieces. For each animal, five pieces of rumen epithelium were immediately fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, 123 United States) for morphometric analyses. Ten pieces were stored at −20°C for the later extraction of microbial DNA. Ten pieces were stored at −80°C for the later extraction of epithelial RNA.
Ruminal SCFAs concentrations were measured by using a gas chromatograph (HP6890N, Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE) as described by Yang et al. (2012) (link). 10 mL of rumen fluid was centrifuged at 18,000 g for 20 min at 4°C (Eppendorf Centrifuge 5424 R, Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany). The supernatant was collected and the osmolarity was measured by using an osmometer (Osmomat 030-D, GONOTEC Berlin, Germany).
Ruminal SCFAs concentrations were measured by using a gas chromatograph (HP6890N, Agilent Technologies, Wilmington, DE) as described by Yang et al. (2012) (link). 10 mL of rumen fluid was centrifuged at 18,000 g for 20 min at 4°C (Eppendorf Centrifuge 5424 R, Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany). The supernatant was collected and the osmolarity was measured by using an osmometer (Osmomat 030-D, GONOTEC Berlin, Germany).
4
Physicochemical Characterization of Yogurt
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Protein, total solids contents, and titratable acidity of the yoghurt samples were assayed using the respective Kjeldahl, oven-drying, and titration methods [28 ]. Values of pH were monitored using a pH meter (Mettler, Toledo, DELTA-320, pH, Shanghai, China).
Apparent viscosity was measured at 25 °C as per the studies [29 (link),30 (link)], using a Bohlin Gemini II Rheometer (Malvern Instruments Limited, Worcestershire, UK) and a cone-plate geometry (40 mm diameter, 4° angle, 150 μm gap). The yoghurt samples were equilibrated to 25 °C and stirred gently by hand rotating 10 times with a tablespoon to ensure a visually homogeneous state, followed by an increasing sweep at the Rheometer using shear rates ranging from 0.1 to 10 s−1.
Thixotropic behaviors of the yoghurt samples were measured as previously described [29 (link)]. The samples were loaded on the plate, and sheared at 500 s−1 for 1 min. The flow curves were evaluated by increasing shear rates (0.1–100 s−1) within 30 min and then decreasing shear rates (100–0.1 s−1) within 30 min. The area of hysteresis loop between upward and downward flow curves was calculated by the software in the Rheometer.
Apparent viscosity was measured at 25 °C as per the studies [29 (link),30 (link)], using a Bohlin Gemini II Rheometer (Malvern Instruments Limited, Worcestershire, UK) and a cone-plate geometry (40 mm diameter, 4° angle, 150 μm gap). The yoghurt samples were equilibrated to 25 °C and stirred gently by hand rotating 10 times with a tablespoon to ensure a visually homogeneous state, followed by an increasing sweep at the Rheometer using shear rates ranging from 0.1 to 10 s−1.
Thixotropic behaviors of the yoghurt samples were measured as previously described [29 (link)]. The samples were loaded on the plate, and sheared at 500 s−1 for 1 min. The flow curves were evaluated by increasing shear rates (0.1–100 s−1) within 30 min and then decreasing shear rates (100–0.1 s−1) within 30 min. The area of hysteresis loop between upward and downward flow curves was calculated by the software in the Rheometer.
5
Measuring Niosome Formulation pH
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The pH of the niosome formulation was measured using a Delta 320 pH meter (Mettler-Toledo, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland) at room temperature. The pH meter was calibrated with pH standard buffer solutions before measurements. The average value of pH from the three readings was calculated.
6
Comprehensive Characterization of PR, APR, and Pb Adsorption
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The crystal morphology of PR, APR, and APR-adsorbed Pb product was determined using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) meter (D8 Advance, Bruker-AXS, Billerica, MA, USA) at 40 kV and 40 mA with CuKa radiation, scanning range of 10-85° in 2θ, and scanning rate of 1°/min. The data obtained were analyzed using Jade 6.5 software. The elements in PR and APR were determined by XRF analyzer (ARL 9900, Thermo Fisher Scienti c, Waltham, MA, USA) at 60 kV. LiF200, LiF220, Ge111, and AX03 were selected as the spectroscopic crystals. The morphology of PR, APR, and APR-adsorbed Pb product was observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM; S-4800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) at 15 kV low accelerating voltage. The speci c surface areas of PR and APR were detected by automatic speci c surface area analyzer (QuadraSorb SI, Quantachrome, Boynton Beach, LA, USA). The surface functional groups of APR-adsorbed Pb product were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR; VERTEX 70V, Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA). The pH of the sample was determined using a pH meter (Delta320, Mettler-Toledo, Colombus, OH, USA). The leaching concentration of Pb in soil was measured by TCLP (USEPA 2014) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; Agilent 7500, Santa Clara, CA, USA).
7
pH Measurement of Nanoemulsions
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The pH of nanoemulsions was measured using a pH meter (Delta 320, Mettler Toledo, Tokyo, Japan). Prior to usage, the pH meter was calibrated using pH 4, 7, and 10. The glass probe was rinsed with deionized water before being directly submerged in the sample without dilution. The measurement was then carried out three times at room temperature (28 ± 1 °C) and the mean pH value of the sample was recorded.
8
Soil Chemical Analysis Protocol
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The soil pH was measured using a pH electrode at a soil:water ratio of 1:2.5 (w/v) (Delta 320; Mettler-Toledo Instruments Co., Shanghai, China). Soil samples were dried in an oven at 105°C for 12 h and weighed to determine the soil moisture content. Soil nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) were extracted by shaking 5.0 g of fresh soil with 2 M KCl for 1 h, and their content was determined using a continuous flowing analyzer (SAN++, Skalar, Holland). The total C and total N concentrations of the soil were determined by dry combustion of duplicate subsamples using the LECO 2000 CHN Analyzer (LECO, Chicago, USA).
9
pH Measurement Using Digital pH Meter
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The pH value was determined by pH meter (DELTA 320, Mettler Toledo Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) referring to the instruction.
10
Analysis of Physicochemical Properties and Antibiotic Residues in Organic Fertilizers
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Before analysis of physicochemical properties and antibiotic residues, the samples were freeze-dried (Labconco, Kansas City, MO) and homogenized by sieving through a 0.2 mm mesh.
Five grams of sample (dry weight) was mixed well with 12.5 mL UltraPure water (a soil-to-water ratio of 1:2.5) and subjected to pH measurement (pH meter, Delta 320, Mettler Toledo, USA). NH4+-N and NO3−-N in the samples were extracted with 2 M KCl and measured by a continuous flow analyzer (SAN plus, Skalar Analytical B.V., The Netherlands). Approximately 100 mg of organic fertilizer samples was used to determine their C, H, O, N, and S contents and C/N ratios by means of an elemental analyzer (vario MACRO cube, Elementar, Germany) [28 (link)].
The antibiotic residues were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) analysis, and extraction and purification procedures followed the description by Qian et al. [29 (link),30 (link)] Nine different antibiotics were analyzed: SDZ, SMZ, SMN, OTC, TC, CTC, Dox, Oflox, and Enroflox. In this experiment, according to the parameters of the test instrument, the detection limit was in the range of 0.5–15 μg kg−1 manure (dry weight), and the limit of quantification was in the range of 1.5–50 μg kg−1 manure (dry weight) [29 (link)].
Five grams of sample (dry weight) was mixed well with 12.5 mL UltraPure water (a soil-to-water ratio of 1:2.5) and subjected to pH measurement (pH meter, Delta 320, Mettler Toledo, USA). NH4+-N and NO3−-N in the samples were extracted with 2 M KCl and measured by a continuous flow analyzer (SAN plus, Skalar Analytical B.V., The Netherlands). Approximately 100 mg of organic fertilizer samples was used to determine their C, H, O, N, and S contents and C/N ratios by means of an elemental analyzer (vario MACRO cube, Elementar, Germany) [28 (link)].
The antibiotic residues were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) analysis, and extraction and purification procedures followed the description by Qian et al. [29 (link),30 (link)] Nine different antibiotics were analyzed: SDZ, SMZ, SMN, OTC, TC, CTC, Dox, Oflox, and Enroflox. In this experiment, according to the parameters of the test instrument, the detection limit was in the range of 0.5–15 μg kg−1 manure (dry weight), and the limit of quantification was in the range of 1.5–50 μg kg−1 manure (dry weight) [29 (link)].
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