β hydroxy propyl cyclodextrin

Low molecular weight chitosan (≥75% deacetylated, viscosity 20-300cps, molecular weight 50,000-190,000 Da), sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), starch, pepsin, pancreatin, α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis, lysozyme, doxorubicin (DOX), β hydroxypropyl cyclodextrin (βCD), rhodamine B, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), coumarin 343 and 4',6-Diamino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Singapore. Hylon VII was obtained as a kind gift from Ingredion, Singapore. Eudragit L100 and S100 were obtained as a kind gift from Evonik (SEA) Pte. Ltd. Dulbecco's minimum essential medium/high glucose with 4.0mM L-Glutamine and sodium pyruvate (DMEM -GE Hyclone) used for Caco2 cell culture was obtained from GE Healthcare Pte Ltd. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco), 1% non-essential amino acids (NEAA) (Gibco), 1% penicillin streptomycin solution (Gibco) and 0.25% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Trypsin-EDTA) (Gibco) were procured from Life Technologies Holdings Pte. Ltd. cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc. Coagulans, was extracted based on previously reported protocol by purification of the ethyl acetate fraction. [20]