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16 protocols using mms 435p

1

Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Neuronal Markers

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Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed on whole mount fly larvae, cultured neurons and on mouse tissue sections collected from OCT-embedded tissues. Primary antibodies used were anti-Tuj1 (Covance, MMS-435P, 1:1,000), anti-Tau (Millipore, MAB3420, 1:1,000), anti-RTCA (Sigma, SAB2102059 and HPA027982, 1:200), anti-CTIP2 (Abcam, ab18465, 1:2,000), anti-NF200 (Sigma, N4142, 1:200), anti-ED1 (Abcam, ab31630, 1:200), anti-β-Galactosidase (MP Biomedicals cappel, 55976, 1:5,000) and anti-NeuN (Millipore, MAB377, 1:200). A custom-made antibody against the entire dRtca protein was generated (Thermo, 1:200). LacZ staining was performed using the Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit (Cell signaling) according to manufacturer’s instructions.
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2

Immunohistochemistry for Neuronal Markers

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We used the following antibodies: ChAT (Chemicon AB144P), Otx2 (R&D systems goat, catalog # AF1979), Tuj1 (Covance MMS-435P), pH3 (Millipore 06-570), parvalbumin (Millipore MAB1572), somatostatin (Santa Cruz sc-7819).
Cryosections were rinsed in PBS, blocked in 10% normal serum/PBST (1x PBS, 0.1% Triton X-100), incubated in primary antibody overnight (4° C), washed in PBST, incubated in secondary antibody 1–3 hours (room temperature), and washed in PBS. For fluorescent detection, we used Alexa 488- and Alexa 594-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen). For colorimetric detection, biotinylated secondary antibodies (Vector) were used with the ABC (Vector)/DAB detection method.
For ChAT IHC, antigen retrieval was achieved by incubating slides in 2.94g/L trisodium citrate dehydrate, 0.05% Tween-20, pH 6.0 for 15 minutes at 90° C. Blocking and antibody incubations were done in 1% BSA in PBST. Sections were incubated two days at 4° C with primary antibody, and signal was amplified with biotinylated anti-goat (Vector) prior to fluorescent detection with streptavidin-594 (Invitrogen).
For OTX2 IHC, we modified the IHC protocol according to the recommendations of Yuki Muranishi in the Furakawa lab (Osaka, Japan). Briefly, antigen retrieval was achieved as for ChAT IHC, and samples were blocked in 4% donkey serum in PBST.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining of Neuronal Markers

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iN cultures were fixed for 30 min in ice cold methanol and permeabilized using 0.2% Triton X-100 in PBS for 15 min at room temperature. Cells were then incubated in blocking buffer (5% BSA with 5% normal goat serum in PBS) for 30 min at room temperature and then incubated with primary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer overnight at 4 °C, washed with PBS three times, and incubated with secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature. Confocal imaging was performed using a Zeiss LSM700. Primary antibodies used: rabbit anti-GIRK2 (Alomone labs, APC-006, 1:400), mouse anti-βIII-tub (BioLegend, MMS-435P,1:1000), chicken anti-MAP2 (Millipore AB5543, 1:1000), mouse anti-Syn1 (SYSY,106-011, 1:200), mouse anti-PSD 95 (SYSY, 124-011, 1:2000), mouse anti-mCherry (Thermofisher Scientific, M11217, 1:100).
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4

Immunofluorescence Staining of Neural Markers

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The following primary antibodies with indicated dilution in blocking buffer were used: Rabbit anti-Tuj1 (Covance, BioLegend, MRB-435P, 1:1000), Mouse anti-Tuj1 (Covance, BioLegend, MMS-435P, 1:1000), Rabbit anti-human Sox1 (Millipore, AB15766, 1:200), Goat anti-Sox2 (Santa Cruz, 1:200), Rabbit anti-Histone H3 (tri methyl K9) (Abcam, ab8898, 1:1000) antibody. After staining with corresponding secondary antibodies in PBS plus 1% BSA, coverslips were washed four times with PBS, each for 10 min, mounted with the mounting medium onto glass slides, and examined under Olympus FluoView FV1000.
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5

Immunohistochemistry Analysis of Neuronal Markers

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Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed on whole mount fly larvae, cultured neurons and on mouse tissue sections collected from OCT-embedded tissues. Primary antibodies used were anti-Tuj1 (Covance, MMS-435P, 1:1,000), anti-Tau (Millipore, MAB3420, 1:1,000), anti-RTCA (Sigma, SAB2102059 and HPA027982, 1:200), anti-CTIP2 (Abcam, ab18465, 1:2,000), anti-NF200 (Sigma, N4142, 1:200), anti-ED1 (Abcam, ab31630, 1:200), anti-β-Galactosidase (MP Biomedicals cappel, 55976, 1:5,000) and anti-NeuN (Millipore, MAB377, 1:200). A custom-made antibody against the entire dRtca protein was generated (Thermo, 1:200). LacZ staining was performed using the Senescence β-Galactosidase Staining Kit (Cell signaling) according to manufacturer’s instructions.
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6

Immunostaining Analysis of Mammalian Expression Vectors

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Mammalian (pCaggs) expression vectors encoding p27kip1, p27kip1(ck-) and RhoA(N19) have been described previously [16 (link)], while an Rp58 expression construct with a pCIG vector which lacks a GFP cassette was used [11 ]. RNAi for Rp58 was achieved using a pool of targeting siRNAs (Dharmacon GE Life Sciences) which was previously verified for specificity of knockdown as well as a pSilCaggs-Rnd2shRNA1 vector to induce Rnd2 RNAi [11 ]. Primary antibodies used for immunostaining analysis include chicken antibody to GFP (Abcam, ab13970, 1:700), mouse anti-p27kip1 (BD Biosciences, 1:400), rabbit anti-Rp58 (Proteintech Group, 1:250), rabbit anti-Ki67 (NCL-Ki67p, Leica, 1:1000), pHH3(ser10) (06–570, Merck Millipore, 1:1000), mouse anti βIII-tubulin (Covance, MMS-435P, 1:1000), mouse anti-Nestin (Millipore, MAB353, 1:300), rabbit anti-Pax6 (Covance, PRB-2788, 1:500), rabbit anti-Tbr2 antibody (Abcam, ab233345, 1:500), rabbit polyclonal antibody to GFP (Invitrogen, A6455, 1:1000). Alexa fluor secondary antibodies include goat anti- chicken IgG (Invitrogen, A11039, 1:700), goat anti-mouse (Invitrogen, A11031, 1:800), and goat anti-rabbit IgG (Invitrogen, A6455, 1:1000). The nuclei of cells were visualised with DAPI.
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of Neural Markers

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Rabbit anti-Ascl1 (Abcam ab74065), chicken anti-GFP (Abcam ab13970), rabbit anti-Tubb3 (Covance MRB-435P), mouse anti-Tubb3 (Covance MMS-435P), mouse anti-Map2 (Sigma M4403), rabbit anti-Myh3 (Santa Cruzsc-20641), goat anti-Dlx3 (Santa Cruz sc-18143), mouse anti-β-Actin (Sigma A5441), rabbit anti-Tcf12 (Bethyl A300-754A).
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8

Quantitative Western Blot Analysis of Neuronal Proteins

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Whole-cell or nuclear extracts from primary neurons or brain tissue were resolved on 3–8% Tris-acetate gels (Thermo Fisher, EA0375BOX) or 10% Tris-glycine gels and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Membranes were incubated overnight in the following primary antibodies: EP400 (Bethyl Labs, A300-541-A; Abcam, Ab5201; Abcam, 70301; 1:1,000); DMAP1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 13326; Santa Cruz, sc-373949; 1:500 or 1:1,000); TRRAP (Bethyl, A301-132A; 1:500 or 1:1,000); ARNT2 (in house; 1:1,000)28 (link); NPAS4 (in house, 1:1,000)14 (link); FOS (in house; 1:1,000); β-tubulin3 (Covance, MMS-435P; 1:5,000); GAPDH (Sigma-Aldrich, G9545; 1:5,000); histone H3 (Abcam, 1791; 1:10,000); NPAS3 (gift from S. McKnight; 1:1,000)55 (link); and HA (Cell Signaling Technology, C29F4; 1:1,000). Following washing, membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies conjugated to IRdye 700 or 800 and imaged using a LiCOR Odyssey instrument.
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9

Immunofluorescence Staining of Neural Markers

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Rabbit anti-Ascl1 (Abcam ab74065), chicken anti-GFP (Abcam ab13970), rabbit anti-Tubb3 (Covance MRB-435P), mouse anti-Tubb3 (Covance MMS-435P), mouse anti-Map2 (Sigma M4403), rabbit anti-Myh3 (Santa Cruzsc-20641), goat anti-Dlx3 (Santa Cruz sc-18143), mouse anti-β-Actin (Sigma A5441), rabbit anti-Tcf12 (Bethyl A300-754A).
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10

Western Blot Analysis of Neuronal Signaling

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Brain homogenates were resolved by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and transferred to activated PVDF membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% bovine serum albumin in tris-buffered saline/Tween 20 (TBST). The following primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4°C: TrkA (1:1000; Cell Signaling, 2505), p75NTR (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-271708), pAkt (1:1000; Cell Signaling, 4060), Akt (1:1000; Cell Signaling, 9272), pCREB (1:1500; Cell Signaling, 9198), CREB (1:1500; Cell Signaling, 9104), pMAPK (1:2000; Cell Signaling, 9101), MAPK (1:2000; Cell Signaling, 9102), pJNK (1:1000; Cell Signaling, 9251), JNK (1:1000; Cell Signaling, 9252), βtubIII (1:5000; Covance, MMS-435P), and β-actin (1:5000; Sigma-Aldrich, A5316). Membranes were washed in TBST, incubated with corresponding IRDye secondary antibodies at 1:15,000 for 1 hour at RT (LI-COR Biosciences), and imaged with an Odyssey infrared imaging system (LI-COR Biosciences). Densitometry analysis was performed using ImageStudio software.
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