CNN and isomaltitol were produced by Hayashibara Co. Ltd (Okayama, Japan). D-(+)-mannose, D-(+)-glucosamine, hydrochloride theophylline, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), and L-DOPA (3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). LY294002 was obtained from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Kojic acid (5-hydroxy -2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Rabbit anti-tyrosinase, rabbit anti-TRP1, rabbit anti-TRP-2, and rat anti-LAMP-1 antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, Texas). Rabbit anti-Pmel17(gp100) antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Mouse anti-Pmel17(HMB45) antibody and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Dako (Glostrup, Denmark). Mouse anti-MITF antibody was purchased from Exalpha Biologicals (Shirley, MA). Mouse anti-actin antibody was purchased from EMD Millipore (Temecula, CA). Alexa Fluor 594- and Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA). Leupeptin and pepstatin were obtained from Peptide Institute, Inc. (Osaka, Japan). Complete EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor Cocktail was purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland).
α melanocyte stimulating hormone α msh
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a peptide hormone produced by the pituitary gland. It is responsible for the regulation of melanin production in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in the skin.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Mushroom tyrosinase, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
L dopa, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
L 3 4 dihydroxyphenylalanine l dopa, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Kojic acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Arbutin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
P akt, by Cell Signaling Technology (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
β actin, by Cell Signaling Technology (3 mentions)
β actin, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (3 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
P gsk3β, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions)
Gsk3β, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions)
Forskolin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L tyrosine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Medium 254, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
P pka, by Cell Signaling Technology (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Biosesang (2 mentions)
28 protocols using α melanocyte stimulating hormone α msh
1
Melanogenesis Regulation Pathway Analysis
2
Melanogenesis Inhibition Compound Screening
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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 100× penicillin/streptomycin solution were obtained from Invitrogen Inc. (Grand Island, NY, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were bought from Amresco Inc. (Solon, OH, USA). Ethyl linoleate, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), sodium hydroxide, mushroom tyrosinase, arbutin, kojic acid, and resveratrol were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). MITF, tyrosinase, and TRP1 antibodies were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and β-catenin antibody was purchased from BD (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Akt, p-Akt, GSK3β, p-GSK3β, and β-actin antibodies were purchased from Cell signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Goat anti-mouse and -rabbit IgG secondary antibodies were obtained from Vector Laboratories (Burlingame, CA, USA).
3
Melanogenesis Regulation Mechanism Study
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LQ and LQG were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan) and Tokiwa Phytochemical (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) was purchased from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and β-actin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against MITF, phosphorylated CREB, CREB, phosphorylated Akt, Akt, phosphorylated ERK, ERK, phosphorylated p38, and p38 were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was supplied by GIBCO (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). H-89 was purchased from AdipoGen (San Diego, CA, USA). All other chemicals were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries.
4
Neurotransmitter Receptor Pharmacology Assay
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Serotonin, noradrenaline, isoproterenol, (±)-(R∗, R∗)-[4-[2-[[2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]propyl]phenoxy]acetic acid sodium hydrate (BRL-37344), 5-[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]amino]propyl]-1,3-benzodioxole-2,2-dicarboxylate disodium hydrate (CL-316243), dopamine, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), bromocriptine, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), γ-MSH, somatostatin-14, pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide-38 (PACAP-38), relaxin, β,γ-imidoguanosine-5′-triphosphate (GppNHp), and forskolin were purchased from “Sigma-Aldrich” (St. Louis, MO, USA) while N-[(1R)-1-[(4-Chlorophenyl)methyl]-2-[4-cyclohexyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-trazol-1-ylmethyl)-1-piperidinyl]-2-oxoethyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3-isoquinolinecarboxamide (THIQ), 5-nonyloxytryptamine (5-NOT), and 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridinyl)-1H-indole (EMD-386088) were purchased from “Tocris Cookson Ltd.” (United Kingdom). [α-32P]-ATP (4 Ci/mmol) was obtained from “Isotope Company” (St. Petersburg, Russia).
5
Comprehensive Biochemical Assay Protocol
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Ascorbic acid (AA), arbutin (AR), bovine serum albumin (BSA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), sodium nitrite, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NADH, nitroblue tetrazolium, phenazine methosulfate, dithiothreitol (DTT), mushroom tyrosinase, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), Griess reagent, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), bovine testes hyaluronidase, hyaluronan (HA), porcine pancreatic elastase, and N-succinyl-(L-Ala)3-p-nitroanilide (STANA) were from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals used were of the relatively high grade commercially available.
6
Melanin content analysis of B16F10 cells
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B16F10 cells were incubated overnight at 37 °C with 5% CO2. Cells were treated with sprouted oat extracts at a 1:100 ratio of total volume or with 500 µg/mL arbutin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) as a positive control and incubated for 48 h in the absence or presence of 0.2 µM α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH; Sigma-Aldrich), using phenol red-free DMEM. Then, the cells were centrifuged at 15,814× g for 10 min after washing with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and lysed with 650 µL of 1 M Sodium Hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich) with 10% DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich) at 80 °C for 1 h. To determine the relative melanin content, 200 µL medium and supernatant aliquots were transferred to 96-well plates, respectively. The absorbance was measured at 405 nm using a microplate reader.
7
Melanin Synthesis Pathway Assay
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Brassinin, 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine, Iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate, Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate, tyrosinase from mushroom, L-tyrosine, L-DOPA, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and Triton X-100 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All materials related to cell culture were purchased from Welgene (Daegu, Korea).
8
Chemical Synthesis and Characterization
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Luteolin (purity > 98%), N,N’-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), forskolin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and DMSO-d6 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
9
Melanocyte Cell Culture Protocols
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Human MNT-1 cells were cultured in DMEM (Genesee Scientific) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum (Corning), AIM-V medium (Life Technologies), MEM vitamin solution (Invitrogen), and antibiotic-antimycotic (Life Technologies). For melanin quantification experiments, MNT-1 cells were switched to DMEM lacking phenol red (Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, L-glutamine (Invitrogen), and antibiotic-antimycotic. Human darkly pigmented neonatal epidermal melanocytes (Life Technologies) were cultured in Medium 254 (Life Technologies) supplemented with Human Melanocyte Growth Supplement 2 (Life Technologies) and antibiotic-antimycotic. Harvested primary melanocytes were grown in RPMI-1640 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% FBS, antibiotic-antimycotic, 200nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) (Abcam), and 200pM cholera toxin (Sigma-Aldrich) or RPMI-1640 supplemented with 5% FBS, 50ng/ml Stem cell Factor (SCF) (Protech International), 20nM Endothelin-3 (END3) (Sigma-Aldrich), 2.5ng/ml Fibroblast growth Factor (FGF) (Sigma-Aldrich), 100nM α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) (Sigma-Aldrich), 1μM PhosphoEthanolamine (Sigma-Aldrich), 10μM Ethanolamine (Sigma-Aldrich), and 1mg/ml Insulin (Sigma-Aldrich).
10
Evaluating Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Melanogenic Effects
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Normal murine macrophage (RAW 264.7 cell; ATCC, USA) and mouse melanoma (B16F1 cell; ATCC, USA) cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 100 U/mL of penicillin, 100 g/mL of streptomycin, and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco BRL Life Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA). The cells were grown at 37 °C in a humidified chamber containing 5% CO2. The cells were incubated with EJEE in different concentrations or with a positive control and stimulated with LPS (Sigma Aldrich) or α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH; Sigma Aldrich) for evaluation of the anti-inflammatory or anti-melanogenic activity.
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