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4 protocols using ba 2020

1

NP-Specific ELISA and ELISpot Assays

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Assays were done in Millipore Multi-Screen HA filtration 96-well plates (no. MSIPN4W). IgM, IgG1, and IgG3 coating Abs were the same as for ELISA. Secondary Abs were purchased from Vector Laboratories for detecting IgM (no. BA-2020) and IgG (no. BA-9200), followed by HRP-Avidin D (no. A-2004; Vector Laboratories). For NP-specific assays, plates were coated with NP(>20)-BSA (no. N-5050H-10; Biosearch Technologies). PBS plus 2% BSA was used as blocking buffer, ELISpot AEC substrate (no. 551951; BD Biosciences) was used to develop. Plates were scanned on a CTL ImmunoSpot S6 Entry instrument and analyzed using CTL ImmunoSpot software, version 7.0.9.5. All samples were done over a 12-step dilution series. Plotted spots per 106 cells were determined by averaging spots per 106 cells over a minimum of three different dilutions, with attention paid to using wells within the linear range. Counting parameters were held constant across all plates of the same assay type. Quality control of automated counting was performed on every plate by visual inspection.
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2

Ultrastructural Immunolocalization of LAMP2

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Fibroblasts grown on coverslips were fixed in 4% formaldehyde and 0.05% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2; 20 min, 4 °C), incubated in 3% fetal bovine serum, 1% bovine serum albumin and 0.1% saponin (20 min, room temperature), followed by primary antibody (LAMP2, #9840-01, Ms monoclonal; Southern Biotech, overnight at 4 °C) and biotinylated secondary antibody (BA2020, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA; 1 h, room temperature). The biotinylated antibody was then visualised by incubating with Vectastain ABC HRP kit (Vector Laboratories; 1 h, room temperature) followed by DAB HRP substrate kit (Vector Laboratories) until staining was visible under light microscope. Cells were then post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated, en bloc stained with 2% uranyl acetate and embedded in epoxy embedding medium (Durcupan™ ACM Kit, Sigma-Aldrich). The blocks were sectioned using a Leica UC7 ultra microtome (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Vienna, Austria). Ultra-thin sections (60 nm) were cut with a diamond knife, collected onto formvar-coated copper slot grids, stained with lead citrate and examined in a Talos L120C transmission electron microscope (Thermo Scientific).
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3

Immunohistochemical Staining of α-Dystroglycan

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Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was carried out on 2 μm formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using standard procedures. In brief, antigen retrieval was achieved with target retrieval solution (S1699, Agilent Technologies) via microwave heating. Incubation with the primary antibody IIh6 (Santa Cruz) at a concentration of 4 μg/ml was done at room temperature for one hour. As a detection system, biotinylated anti-mouse IgM (BA2020, Vector Labs) and streptavidin-HRP (RE 7104, Novocastra, Newcastle, UK) was used. Samples were developed via exposure to 3,3`-diaminobenzidine (DAB+, K3468, Agilent) and counterstained with hematoxylin Gill’s Formula (H-3401, Vector Labs). For IHC staining against α-DG on mouse FFPE tissue, Crystal MausBlock (Fa. DCS, Hamburg, Germany, ML125R015) was used to avoid non-specific binding of the secondary antibody. Processed slides were scanned on a Vectra Polaris™ slide scanner using 40-fold scan resolution and snapshots taken via Phenochart 1.0.8 software (both AKOYA Biosciences, MA, USA).
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4

Immunohistochemistry for NKX2.2 and PAX6

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The sections were dewaxed, completely rehydrated and for antigen retrieval boiled in sodium citrate 0.1 M pH 6. The sections were washed in PBS-T and incubated in PBS-T with 1.5% H2O2 for 30 min to inactivate endogenous peroxidase. After inactivation, tissue was washed in PBT and blocked 1 h in PBS-T with 0.1% albumin bovine serum (BSA, A2153, Sigma) and 10% lysine 1 M (L5626, Sigma). Next, sections were incubated overnight at room temperature in PBS-T with 0.1% BSA and 0.01% sodium azide (S2002, Sigma) with αNKX2.2 (1:5, raised in mouse, Hybridoma Bank, 74.5A5) or αPAX6 (1:200, raised in rabbit, Covance, PRB-278P). The day after, the tissue was rinsed in PBS-T and incubated 1 h with αMouse (1:200, raised in goat, Vector Labs, BA-2020) or αRabbit (1:200, raised in goat, Vector Labs, BA-1000) biotinylated secondary antibody. Afterwards, the sections were washed in PBS-T and incubated in PBS-T with Avidin–Biotin Complex (1:500, Vectastain PK-4000) for 1 h. Finally, tissue was washed in PBS-T and Tris 0.1 M pH 7 and the immunolabeling was revealed in Tris 0.1 M with 1% 3-3′ diaminobenzidine tetrahydroc (DAB, Acros Organics W0572M) and 0.003% H2O2 leading to a brown precipitate (0.025% Ammonium Nickel Sulphate was added to obtain black precipitate).
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