U0126 etoh

The treatment group was given berberine (50 mg/kg, Med Chem Express, USA), intragastric administration once a day for 30 days. In addition to berberine, SIRT1 inhibition group was also given selisistat (20 mg/kg, Med Chem Express, USA) and was administered by intrabitoneal injection once every 3 days for 30 days. In addition to berberine, the mitochondria autophagy inhibition group was additionally given U0126-EtOH (10 mg/kg, Med Chem Express, USA) by intrabitoneal injection once every 3 days for 30 days. The mice were sacrificed to collect blood, gastrocnemius muscle, subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and brown fat for subsequent use.

Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃, 20 nm and 26.93 μm), titanium oxide (TiO₂, 20 nm and 1 μm), iron oxide (Fe₂O₃, 50 nm and 1 μm) and silicon dioxide (SiO₂, 20 nm and 2.34 μm) were purchased from Shanghai YunFu Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), Fuchen Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China), and Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Monoclonal anti-dinitrophenol (DNP)-IgE antibody, DNP-human serum albumin (HSA), and 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Antibodies as against phosphor-JNK, JNK, phosphor-LYN, LYN, phosphor-Plcγ1, Plcγ1, phosphor-P38, P38, phosphor-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, NF-κB, and β-actin were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danvers, MA). ERK inhibitor U0126-EtOH and p38 inhibitor SB203580 were purchased from MedChem Express (Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA), PE-anti-mouse CD117 (c-kit), APC-anti-mouse FcϵRIα, and FITC-anti-mouse IgE antibodies were purchased from Biolegend (San Diego, CA, USA). Recombinant interleukin (IL)-3 and stem cell factor (SCF) were purchased from PeproTech (Cranbury, NJ, USA). Evans blue and formamide were obtained from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Dalian, China). The ovalbumin (OVA; grade V) was purchased from Sigma Company (St. Louis, USA), and aluminum hydroxide was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Massachusetts, USA).