Stainless steel microneedles were fabricated as previously described [49 (link), 50 (link)]. Briefly, microneedles were fabricated from stainless steel sheets (Trinity Brand Industries, SS 304, 75 μm thick; McMaster-Carr, Atlanta, GA) by laser cutting. Microneedles were electropolished (model no. E399-100, ESMA, IL) for deburring, cleaning and sharpness in a solution containing glycerin, ortho-phosphoric acid (85%) and deionized water in a ratio of 6:3:1 by volume (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ). The final microneedle geometry was a linear array of five needles with a needle-to-needle spacing of 1575 μm. The concentrated vaccines were combined with an equal volume of coating solution composed of 2% w/v carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and 30% w/v trehalose dihydrate (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Microneedles were coated by repeated dip-coating into the antigen coating solution using a custom-built coating instrument [49 (link)]. The vaccine load per array was estimated with SRID assay and the amount of required vaccine dose per mouse was adjusted by cutting extra needles from the array.
Ss 304
Manufactured by McMaster-Carr
Sourced in United States
SS 304 is a type of stainless steel that is commonly used in laboratory equipment. It has a high chromium content, which provides corrosion resistance, and a low carbon content, which makes it less prone to rusting. SS 304 is known for its durability and resistance to a variety of chemicals and environments.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Glycerin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Phosphoric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Autocad, by Autodesk (2 mentions)
Carboxymethylcellulose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Orthophosphoric acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Trehalose dihydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using ss 304
1
Microneedle-Based Vaccine Delivery
2
Preparation and Characterization of Alloy Samples
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Some single-element and binary alloys were purchased from McMaster Carr, including Sn, Cu, SS304, Brass 360 (Cu60Zn40) and Brass 260 (Cu70Zn30); these were industry grade materials. Silver plate (99.9%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The Si sample was a semiconductor-grade (100) single crystal wafer. SiO2 was a fused silica microscope slide. All materials were used as received without any surface treatments. Copper oxides (I) and (II) were prepared by annealing plate copper in air at 300 °C and 350 °C, respectively, for 3 h, then passively cooling to room temperature, also in air.
3
Fabrication of Microneedle Arrays
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Arrays of solid microneedles were fabricated by cutting needle structures from stainless steel sheets (SS 304, 75m thick; McMaster-Carr, Atlanta, GA, USA) using an infrared laser (Resonetics Maestro, Nashua, NH, USA). Initially, the shape and orientation of the arrays were drafted in a CAD file (AutoCAD; Autodesk, Cupertino, CA, USA), by using the lasercontrol software. The laser beam traced the desired shape of the needle, which ablated the metal sheet and created the needles in the plane of the sheet. The laser was operated at 1000
Hz at an energy density of 20 J/cm2 and required approximately 4 min to cut an array. The metal sheet with needles on it was cleaned in hot water (Alconox, White Plains, NY, USA)
and rinsed with DI water. Each needle was then manually bent at 90° out of the plane of the sheet. The needles were electropolished in a bath containing a 6:3:1 mixture by volume of glycerin, phosphoric acid, and water (Fisher Scientific, Atlanta, GA, USA) to remove debris (Graham 1971; Hensel, 2000) . This electropolishing process reduced the needle thickness to 50 m.
Hz at an energy density of 20 J/cm2 and required approximately 4 min to cut an array. The metal sheet with needles on it was cleaned in hot water (Alconox, White Plains, NY, USA)
and rinsed with DI water. Each needle was then manually bent at 90° out of the plane of the sheet. The needles were electropolished in a bath containing a 6:3:1 mixture by volume of glycerin, phosphoric acid, and water (Fisher Scientific, Atlanta, GA, USA) to remove debris (Graham 1971; Hensel, 2000) . This electropolishing process reduced the needle thickness to 50 m.
4
Fabrication of Microneedle Arrays
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Arrays of solid microneedles) were fabricated by cutting needle structures from stainless steel sheets (SS 304, 75 mm thick; McMaster-Carr, Atlanta, GA, USA) using an infrared laser (Reso-netics Maestro, Nashua, NH, USA). The fabricated arrays consisted of 50 needles per cm 2 and a needle tip radius of 10µm. Initially, the shape and orientation of the arrays were drafted in a CAD file (AutoCAD; Autodesk, Cupertino, CA, USA), by using the laser-control software. The laser beam traced the desired shape of the needle, which ablated the metal sheet and created the needles in the plane of the sheet. The laser was operated at 1000 Hz at an energy density of 20 J/cm2 and required approximately 4 min to cut an array. The metal sheet with needles on it was cleaned in hot water (Alconox, White Plains, NY, USA) and rinsed with DI water. Each needle was then manually bent at 90 0 out of the plane of the sheet. The needles were electropolished in a bath containing a 6:3:1 mixture by volume of glycerin, phosphoric acid, and water (Fisher Scientific, Atlanta, GA, USA) to remove debris. This electropolishing process reduced the needle thickness to 50 µm.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!