Ab105392

Kits for assessing total cholesterol (TC, 7007210506), triglycerides (TG, 7006210506), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, 7021220605), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, 7020210506) in mouse serum were purchased from Yingkexinchuang Science and Technology Ltd. (Xiamen, China). Antibodies against Beclin1 (ab62557, ab207612), LC3II protein kinase B (ab48394, ab192890), pan-Akt, (ab8805), PI3K (ab182651), anti-phosphorylated (p)-PI3Kp85 (ab182651), anti-p-AKT1 (S473) (ab18206) mTOR (ab32028), p-mTORC1 (Ser2448) (ab109268), and Atg13 (ab105392) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). LY294002 (HY-10108), Triciribine (HY-15457), and Rapamycin (HY-10219) were purchased from Med Chem Express (New Jersey, USA). Kits for assessing TC and free cholesterol (FC) (E1015 and E1016) in macrophages were purchased from Applygen Technologies Inc. (Beijing, China). SYDC was provided by the manufacturing laboratory of Beijing Tradition Chinese Medicine Hospital (Beijing, China; Z20053327). Lipitor (atorvastatin calcium) was purchased from Pfizer Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China; H20051408).

Xenograft tumor tissues were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin before being sectioned. Antigen was retrieved by Citrate Antigen Retrieval solution (Maxim Biotech). Tissue sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated. The slides were treated with peroxidase and blocked with 10% serum for 2 h at room temperature. The slides were incubated with antibody against ATG13 (ab105392, Abcam) overnight at 4°C. On the following day, the sections were rinsed and then incubated with secondary antibodies (Maxim Biotech). DAB Detection Kit (Maxim Biotech) was applied to the slides before counterstaining with hematoxylin.