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Methanol

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Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid. It is used as a solvent and reagent in various laboratory applications. The core function of methanol is to act as a versatile chemical used in experiments and analytical procedures.

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Lab products found in correlation

Acetonitrile, by Avantor (320 mentions) Formic acid, by Merck Group (114 mentions) Ethanol, by Avantor (91 mentions) Chloroform, by Avantor (82 mentions) Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Avantor (75 mentions) Formic acid, by Avantor (75 mentions) Acetone, by Avantor (66 mentions) Ethyl acetate, by Avantor (65 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Avantor (60 mentions) Acetic acid, by Avantor (58 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (55 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (51 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (47 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (45 mentions) Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (39 mentions) 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (36 mentions) Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (36 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (35 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Avantor (33 mentions) Quercetin, by Merck Group (32 mentions)

1 101 protocols using methanol

1

Purification and Characterization of Softwood and Hardwood Lignins

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Softwood (Picea abies L.) and hardwood (Eucalyptus grandis) lignins were obtained by the kraft process and purified according to the LignoBoost technology protocol [51 ]. The moisture content was 6.4% and 5.1%, respectively, and ash content was 0.6% and 1.2%, respectively. Methacryloyl chloride, styrene, bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt, methylene chloride, trimethylamine, magnesium sulfate, and benzyl alcohol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. α,α’-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) and divinylbenzene (DVB) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) (62.2% of 1,4-divinylbenzene, 0.2% of 1,2-divinylbenzene, and ethylvinylbenzene were washed with 3% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution before use). Ethyl acetate (reagent grade) and ethanol (absolute) for the lignin fractionation were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Stockholm, Sweden), while methanol (analytical grade) was purchased from VWR (Stockholm, Sweden). Acetone, methanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform, toluene, decan-1-ol, and acetonitrile for swelling studies were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland).
Goliszek M., Podkościelna B., Sevastyanova O., Gawdzik B, & Chabros A. (2019). The Influence of Lignin Diversity on the Structural and Thermal Properties of Polymeric Microspheres Derived from Lignin, Styrene, and/or Divinylbenzene. Materials, 12(18), 2847.
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2

SILAC-based Quantitative Proteomic Workflow

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Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, Pierce® SILAC protein quantitation kit – DMEM, and 13C6-L-Arginine-HCl were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific. DMEM high glucose cell medium, EMEM cell medium, sodium bicarbonate, D-(+)-glucose, BMAA, L-Serine (L-Ser), glycine, Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS) formic Acid (FA), ammonium bicarbonate (AB), ammonium hydroxide, iodoacetamide (IAM), dithiothreitol (DTT), hydrochloric acid, and sodium deoxycholate (SDC) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sequencing grade trypsin was from Promega (Madison, WI). Vivacon500® 10,000 KDa and 30,000 KDa molecular weight cut off (MWCO) spin filters were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). HPLC grade acetonitrile, methanol, and water were from Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI). PURExpress In-Vitro Protein Synthesis Kits Δ(aa, tRNA) (-ser, ala) were obtained from New England Biolabs. Dabsyl chloride was obtained from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA). Pico-frit columns were purchased from New Objective (Woburn, MA), and reverse phase ReproSil-Pur 120 C-18-AQ 3 μm particles were purchased from Dr. Maisch. High purity nitrogen gas was purchased from Machine & Welding Supply Co. HPLC grade water, methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile were purchased from VWR International (Morrisville, NC).
Beri J., Nash T., Martin R.M, & Bereman M.S. (2017). Exposure to BMAA Mirrors Molecular Processes Linked To Neurodegenerative Disease. Proteomics, 17(17-18), 10.1002/pmic.201700161.
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3

Quantifying Temozolomide Intracellular Levels

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For the experiment, cells were seeded in T75 flasks (Sarstedt AG & CO). When the confluence of the flasks was around 75%, cells were pre-treated with honokiol (35 µM for U373 and 40 µM for Hs683), MOMIPP (3 µM), vacquinol-1 (5 µM), or left untreated for different periods of time (3, 15 and 22 h) before the addition of TMZ (200 µM) for 2 h. After the treatment, the culture medium was removed, the cells were washed twice with cold PBS (Gibco)), scrapped in 200 µL of ice-cold methanol (VWR International, Oud-Heverlee, Belgium), and sonicated for 30 s. As TMZ is stable at pH < 4 [80 (link)], 50 µL of cell lysate was diluted in 50 µL of an acid internal standard solution (2 µM theophyline and 0.1% formic acid in methanol).
Colin M., Delporte C., Janky R., Lechon A.S., Renard G., Van Antwerpen P., Maltese W.A, & Mathieu V. (2019). Dysregulation of Macropinocytosis Processes in Glioblastomas May Be Exploited to Increase Intracellular Anti-Cancer Drug Levels: The Example of Temozolomide. Cancers, 11(3), 411.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of ZIF-11 Crystals

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ZIF-11 crystals were synthesized via solvothermal method [21 (link)]. Benzimidazole (Alfa Aesar) was dissolved by methanol (VWR International) and 18 % ammonium hydroxide solution with a mass ratio of 0.6:16.75:3.75. Zn(O2CCH3)2·2H2O (Alfa Aesar) was dissolved by methanol and toluene (VWR International) with a mass ratio of 0.55:16.8:13. The zinc solution was added to the benzimidazole solution with zinc-to-benzimidazole molar ratio of 491:375. The reaction was carried out at room temperature under stirring for 2 hours. The ZIF-11 crystals were recovered by vacuum filtration, washed with methanol, and activated in vacuum oven at 403 K for 24 hours. Particle size distributions of the ZIF-11 crystals are measured by SEM and analyzed by ImageJ (Figs. S2 and S3, and Table S1). The measured powder x-ray diffraction pattern (Fig. S4) was found to be in agreement with the corresponding simulated pattern of ZIF-11. Two identically prepared batches of ZIF-11 crystals with similar crystal size distribution and similar average crystal size (A and B in Fig. S3 and Table S1) were used in this work. Two batches were needed to prepare all studied MMM samples. As shown in this paper later, the corresponding gas intracrystalline diffusivities were found to be the same for both batches.
Forman E.M., Baniani A., Fan L., Ziegler K.J., Zhou E., Zhang F., Lively R.P, & Vasenkov S. (2019). Relationship between Ethane and Ethylene Diffusion inside ZIF-11 Crystals Confined in Polymers to Form Mixed-Matrix Membranes. Journal of membrane science, 593, 117440.
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5

Tissue Dehydration and Bleaching Protocol

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For the pretreatment, samples were dehydrated in ascending concentrations of methanol (VWR International, LLC, 20846.326) in distilled water: 1 h each in 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and twice in 100%. Samples were cooled down to 4 °C during the second incubation in 100% methanol. This was followed by bleaching with freshly prepared 5% H2O2 (1 volume of 30% H2O2 for 5 volumes of methanol, ice cold) at 4 °C overnight under shaking. After bleaching and re-equilibration to room temperature (RT) the tissue was rehydrated as follows: incubation for 1 h in 80%, 60%, 40% and 20% methanol in distilled water and twice in in 0.1M PBS/0.2% Triton X-100 (VWR International, LLC, 28817.295) respectively. After this, labelling was performed as described below. For all steps, incubation was done in 6 well cell culture plates (Corning Inc., 3516) in a volume of 5 ml/well at RT, unless mentioned otherwise.
Hildebrand S., Schueth A., Herrler A., Galuske R, & Roebroeck A. (2019). Scalable Labeling for Cytoarchitectonic Characterization of Large Optically Cleared Human Neocortex Samples. Scientific Reports, 9, 10880.
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6

Semiquantitative Aflatoxin Strip Test Evaluation

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The evaluated lateral flow devices and the semiquantitative strip tests were the AgraStrip® Total Aflatoxin Test (cutoff levels 4 µg/kg, 10 µg/kg, and 20 µg/kg, respectively) (Romer Labs, Tulln, Austria).
Mycotoxin strip tests are based on a competitive assay format, which means the analyte in the sample (aflatoxin) competes with bound aflatoxin on the test line. If no analyte is present in the sample, a line appears and indicates a negative test result. When an analyte is present in the sample, the competition will occur and at the given cutoff level the line disappears, which indicates a positive test result (as shown in Figure 3). Next to the test line, a second line in the control zone will always be visible to ensure the correct test development. When the control line is absent, the test result is considered invalid.
According to the manufacturer’s package insert, the detection range of the semiquantitative test was 5–100 µg/kg. To get the quantitative results, strips were analyzed using the Romer Labs AgraVisionTM Reader. Extraction and test procedure was performed according to the package insert. In-lab testing was performed using methanol purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA) while on-site testing (SSA) made use of methanol and ethanol provided locally.
Cvak B., Warth B., Atehnkeng J., Parich A., Moritz A., Sulyok M, & Krska R. (2021). Evaluating the Performance of Lateral Flow Devices for Total Aflatoxins with Special Emphasis on Their Robustness under Sub-Saharan Conditions. Toxins, 13(11), 742.
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7

Radiolabeled CRF1 Receptor Ligand Synthesis

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Kryptofix 2.2.2 (K 2.2.2; 98%), ammonium formate (99.995%), potassium carbonate (99%), sodium hydroxide (97%), sodium bicarbonate (99.7%), acetonitrile (anhydrous, 99.8%), iodomethane (99%), bromoiodomethane, dibromomethane (99%), DMF (anhydrous, 99.8%), DMSO (anhydrous, 99.9%), methanol (99.93%), and 18-crown-6 (99.5%) were purchased from Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI). High purity acetonitrile (Burdick & Jackson; Muskegon, MI) was used for HPLC. TBAH (1 M solution in methanol) was diluted to 0.167 M with methanol (high purity solvent; Burdick & Jackson). Ethanol (Aaper Alcohol and Chemical Company; Shelbyville, KY) and 0.9% saline (USP; APP Inc.; Schaumburg, IL) were used to formulate the radioligands. DMP-696, DMP904 and the other CRF1 receptor ligands and precursors were provided by Neuroscience Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb. [3H]BMS-728300 (specific activity = 87.5Ci/mmol) was synthesized by the Bristol-Myers Squibb Radiochemistry Group. 18F radiochemistry was conducted at both Bristol-Myers Squibb (Wallingford, CT) and NIMH (Bethesda, MD) whereas 11C radiochemistry was only conducted at NIMH.
Lodge N.J., Li Y.W., Chin F.T., Dischino D.D., Zoghbi S.S., Deskus J.A., Mattson R.J., Imaizumo M., Pieschl R., Molski T.F., Fujita M., Dulac H., Zaczek R., Bronson J.J., Macor J.E., Innis R.B, & Pike V.W. (2014). Synthesis and Evaluation of Candidate PET Radioligands for Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Type-1 Receptors. Nuclear medicine and biology, 41(6), 524-535.
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8

Characterization of Nicotine and Flavored E-liquids

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(−)-Nicotine liquid standard (pure nicotine) (purity > 99%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Nicotine salicylate and nicotine benzoate salts (purity > 99%) were purchased from Chemnovatic, Poland. HPLC grade acetonitrile, methanol and water were purchased from BDH Chemicals, VWR, USA. Ortho phosphoric acid (85%) was purchased from Merck, USA. Triethyl amine, tert-butyl amine and hydrochloric acid (37%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Propylene glycol was purchased from Amresco LLC, VWR, USA. USP grade vegetable glycerin was purchased from JT Baker, USA. E-liquid flavors (without nicotine) of mango (PG:VG, 30:70 v/v), menthol (PG:VG, 30:70 v/v) and tobacco (PG:VG, 35:65 v/v) by Naked 100 were purchased from online shop Element vape, USA.
Gholap V.V., Pearcy A.C, & Halquist M.S. (2021). Potential factors affecting free base nicotine yield in electronic cigarette aerosols. Expert opinion on drug delivery, 18(7), 979-989.
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9

Analytical Method for Fenofibrate and Metabolites

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All chemicals used in this study were obtained from commercial suppliers. Fenofibrate, (2-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl) phenoxy]-2-methylpropionic acid 1-methylethyl ester) and its metabolite, fenofibric acid (FA, purity >99.5%), were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). The internal standard fluvastatin was obtained from Riyadh Pharma Industry Ltd. (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Details of the lipids (oils and nonionic surfactants), their compositions, and suppliers are provided in Table 1. All excipients were used without further purification. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade methanol, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodium chloride were purchased from BDH Laboratory Supplies (Poole, UK). The 1 M HCl, which was diluted to obtain 0.1 M solution, was provided by Avonchem (Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK). Rat plasma containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as anticoagulant was collected in-house. Water used in this study was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Sartorius, Geottingen, Germany). All other chemicals and solvents were of analytical purity.
Mohsin K., Alamri R., Ahmad A., Raish M., Alanazi F.K, & Hussain M.D. (2016). Development of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems for the enhancement of solubility and oral bioavailability of fenofibrate, a poorly water-soluble drug. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 11, 2829-2838.
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10

Evaluating Cytotoxic Effects of Natural Compounds

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TPL and CL were purchased from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Cocoons were kindly supplied by Tongxiang mulberry silk base of Zhejiang Province (Tongxiang, China). Dialysis membrane with a cut off of 7,000 Da (MWCO) was obtained from Viskase Companies, Inc. (Chicago, USA). Hoechst 33342 and 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). RITC and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kits were supplied by Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from BDH Chemicals (Gibbstown, NJ, USA). Other chemicals used in this study were all analytical pure grade and used as received. Ethanol, acetone and other chemicals used in this study were acquired from VWR international (Darmstadt, Germany) unless specified otherwise.
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco BRL (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Penicillin–streptomycin, 0.25% trypsin-EDTA and non-essential amino acids were obtained from Invitrogen Co. (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Human pancreatic cancer cells MIA PaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells were generous gifts from Dr. Prabhu’s lab, originally obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA).
Ding B., Wahid M.A., Wang Z., Xie C., Thakkar A., Prabhu S, & Wang J. (2017). Triptolide and Celastrol Loaded Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles Show Synergistic Effect against Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Nanoscale, 9(32), 11739-11753.
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