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Accelerometer

Manufactured by ActiGraph
Sourced in United States

The ActiGraph accelerometer is a compact, portable device designed to measure and record physical activity and movement. It is a highly accurate and reliable instrument used in a variety of research and clinical applications. The accelerometer detects and records acceleration along multiple axes, providing data on the frequency, intensity, and duration of physical activity.

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115 protocols using accelerometer

1

Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Quality in Chemoradiotherapy

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Physical activity was objectively measured using Actigraph accelerometers worn on the right anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) by the participants for the initial 3 days of the 1st week and last 3 days of the 3rd and 7th week. The parameters assessed for indicating physical activity included average step count and metabolic equivalents (METs).
Sleep quality was objectively assessed by Actigraph accelerometer worn on the right ASIS by the participants for the initial 3 days of the 1st week and last 3 days of the 3rd and 7th weeks. The parameters assessed were—sleep efficiency (SE), total sleep time (TST), and sleep onset latency (SOL). TST is the total duration of sleep during the 24 h, measured in minutes. SE is the percentage of total sleep time to the total time spent in bed. SOL is the time taken to fall asleep once in bed and is measured in minutes. Along with the objective values, subjective bedtime and wake up time were obtained from the participants on the days of accelerometer analysis.
Circadian rhythm was assessed by melatonin levels in the first morning void urine samples collected in the 1st, 3rd, and 7th week of chemoradiotherapy. The samples were stored at a temperature of −20°C and the analysis was performed using Elabscience ELISA kit.
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2

Objective Assessment of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time

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Mean minutes per day of MVPA and of ST were assessed objectively using ActiGraph accelerometers (Pensacola, FL, USA). Different models of the ActiGraph accelerometer were used in this study, including the 7164/71256 models, GT1M, ActiTrainer and GT3X models. Accelerometers are widely used in research to assess free-living PA and ST in adults and their reliability and validity have been documented extensively (Freedson & Miller, 2000 (link)). Participants were asked to wear the accelerometer above the right hip for seven consecutive days during waking hours and to remove it only for water-based activities (e.g., swimming, showering). Accelerometer data were collected in (or aggregated to) one-minute epochs. Data were screened and processed using MeterPlus version 4.3. by trained researchers at the IPEN Coordinating Center. Non-wear time was defined as ≥60 minutes of consecutive zero counts. Only data of participants with at least 10 valid wearing hours on at least four days were included in the analyses. Counts per minute were converted into minutes of ST (≤100 counts per minute) and minutes of MVPA (≥1952 counts per minute) (Freedson et al, 2011 (link); Mattheuws et al, 2008 (link)). Further details about the accelerometer data collection and processing can be retrieved from the IPEN accelerometer protocol (Cain, 2012).
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3

Measuring Physical Activity with Actigraph Accelerometers

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Actigraph accelerometers were used to measure physical activity throughout the day. Accelerometers recorded accelerations over 60‐s time intervals (epoch) and were used to determine duration (summed duration of accelerations) and intensity (magnitude of accelerations) of movement throughout the day (Melanson & Freedson, 1995 (link)). Freedson bouts were used to determine the intensity of activity and broken down into sedentary (<100 counts per minute [cpm]), light (100–1951 cpm), and MVPA (≥1952 cpm) (Freedson et al., 1998 (link)). Accelerometers also reported wear time which was confirmed using self‐reported physical activity logs. Participant values were averaged and contributed to the group mean and standard deviations. Days with <600 min of wear time were excluded from the analysis. One participant did not wear the Actigraph accelerometer during the study and therefore their physical activity data could not be determined. The impact of HIIT/MICT on an individual's physical activity levels was assessed by considering four different time points per exercise visit: the day prior to the exercise test, the day of exercise protocol, and the following two days.
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4

Sedentary Lifestyle Assessment Protocol

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To complete the physical activity assessment, potential participants wore two activity monitors for 7 days (ActiGraph accelerometer, Fitbit) during waking hours for a minimum of 10 h. The ActiGraph accelerometer (ActiGraph, 2019 ; McClain et al., 2007 (link)) was used to determine eligibility based on their average steps/day. Both pre‐ and post‐ COVID‐19‐onset potential participants received one person‐administered reminder telephone call to come to their appointment at the recruitment site for the physical activity assessment screening.
The eligibility criterion for physical activity was less than 7500 average steps/day (sedentary to low active; (Tudor‐ Tudor LockeCatrine; CraigCora; BrownWendy; ClemesStacy; De CockerKatrien; Giles CortiBillie; HatanoYoshiro; InoueShigeru; MatsudoSandra; MutrieNanette and eight others, 2011 (link)) from the ActiGraph accelerometer which had to be worn ≥10 h a day on ≥4 days per week with at least one weekend day (Buchholz et al., 2020 (link); Wilbur et al., 2016 (link)). Based on their Actigraph step‐count data, all “eligible” women were enrolled and scheduled for their baseline assessment visit. The Fitbit Charge 2 or Fitbit Charge 3 (Diaz et al., 2015 (link)) was used for determining a baseline physical activity prescription for eligible women.
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5

Accelerometer-Based Activity Monitoring in Students

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All students completed the CUPAR every day, during which they wore the ActiGraph accelerometer for seven consecutive days, 24 h per day. Trained staff placed the accelerometer directly on students’ right waist during school on a Monday and removed them on the following Monday. Then the students were instructed in small groups on monitor use and told to remove the ActiGraph accelerometer only for bathing or swimming.
Students received instructions on the CUPAR including written examples and student completion of a practice diary, which informed them how to record their activities on CUPAR at the end of each day. A one-page sample diary was provided as an example, along with a list of common activities and numerical codes used by Weston et al. [22 ].
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6

Measuring Physical Activity in OSHC Programs

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Prior to data collection, all OSHC programmes will be visited to record the physical characteristics of the programme environment, including indoor (non-physical activity enrichment or snack areas) and outdoor physical activity spaces. These spaces will be divided and identified as zones during the data collection period. Available space accessible to children during the OSHC programme will be mapped and measured in metres using a Craftright measuring wheel (figure 2). Permanent facilities (eg, basketball courts, fixed equipment and sandpits) will be measured and identified as zones.
Child physical activity will be measured via ActiGraph accelerometers (wGT3X-BT models). Accelerometers are widely used to provide an objective estimate of physical activity in free-living research.29 32 33 (link) Accelerometers are small, unobtrusive devices that sit around a child’s waist, attached using adjustable elastic belts. As children arrive at a programme, the accelerometers will be fitted around their waist by trained data collectors, ensuring the unit is sitting on the right hip. The time-on and demographic data of each child (school grade and sex) will be recorded. As children depart from the programme, accelerometers will be removed and time-off recorded.34 (link)
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7

Accelerometer-Based Activity Monitoring Protocol

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Participants wore two GT3X model ActiGraph accelerometers (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL) for the duration of data collection. One ActiGraph was worn on the right hip, affixed with a belt, and the other ActiGraph was worn on the non-dominate wrist, affixed with a watch-like strap. Raw acceleration in g-force was recorded at 30 hrz for each of the three axes (vertical, medio-lateral, and antero-posterior). Using the ActiLife software, raw accelerometer files were converted into 1-second files denoting the counts recorded per every 1 second for the vertical axis. When downloading the hip-worn ActiGraph, the inclinometer feature was selected, which employs an algorithm from the manufacturer to infer the posture of the participant (i.e., standing, lying, sitting, or not being worn). Additionally, the hip-worn ActiGraph was downloaded in regular frequency and low frequency (LF). The regular frequency algorithm raises the lower end of the frequency bandwidth to exclude “acceleration noise,” whereas the LF option is used to increase sensitivity in populations with slow or light movement by extending the bandwidth (1 ).
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8

Accelerometer-based Physical Activity Monitoring

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The time spent in physical activity and sedentary behaviour was monitored through Actigraph accelerometers (Actigraph, LLC, Pensacola, FL, USA) (ActiLife6 wGT3X-BT set to 10-s epochs). The accelerometer data were analysed through ActiLife 6.13.3 software (ActiGraph, LCC, Pensacola, FL, USA), with an epoch length set to 10 s to allow a more detailed estimate of PA intensity [56 (link)].
The data processing procedures to evaluate total time spent in sedentary behaviour and PA at different intensities are consistent with previous studies on children and adolescents [17 (link),57 ,58 (link)]. The children wore the accelerometers, around the waist in the right side, with an elastic belt [59 (link)], over a seven-day period (five weekdays and two weekend days), and removed them only when bathing, swimming and showering. We computed the accelerometer’s data only when children were complying with some specific inclusion criteria such as: having worn the accelerometer for at least 10 h every day (sleeping hours included) during 3 weekdays and 1 weekend day). The Evenson cut points were used to calculate the minutes spent in physical activity (light, moderate and vigorous) per day [60 (link)].
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9

Objective Measurement of Physical Activity

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Triaxial accelerometers GT3X+ (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) were used to objectively measure physical activity and sedentary behavior during a time interval of seven continuous days with a minimum of 10 valid hours per day. Binary data of physical activity and sedentary behavior were recorded as follows (i) fulfilment (yes/no) of the physical activity recommendations (≥150 min/week of moderate to vigorous physical activity in bouts of, at least, 10 min of duration and, (ii) sedentary behavior (low/high) using the mean (459.1 min/day) as the cut-off value. Among the available brands, the Actigraph accelerometers (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) are clearly the most widely used in research [36 (link),37 (link)]. Against doubly labelled water (the gold standard for measuring physical activity and sedentary behavior), the Actigraph (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL, USA) accelerometers are valid [38 (link)].
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10

Quantifying Physical Activity Levels

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Physical activity levels were quantified with accelerometry and questionnaire. Physical activity during a 4-day time period at each time point of testing was quantified with ActiGraph accelerometers (ActiGraph Corp, Pensacola, Florida) worn around the waist. Average minutes/day of moderate intensity exercise was quantified using ActiLife analysis software (ActiGraph). Self-reported physical activity was also estimated with a questionnaire, which estimated the metabolic cost (METs) and the weekly metabolic equivalents (MET∙hour∙week−1) of activities performed over the previous year (22 (link)).
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