The magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized using a simple chemical coprecipitation method as described previously [22 (link)]. Typically, 10 mL of an alkali solution at 95°C was added into 100 mL solution of Fe precursor at the same temperature which contains FeCl3 (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%) and FeCl2 (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%) with a molar ratio of 2 : 1 and FeCl2 concentration of 10−3 M. The solution was kept heating and rapidly stirring for 1 hr. The resultant black dispersion of the magnetic nanoparticles was then collected, washed, and dried in vacuum. The magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by Powder XRD patterns using a Philips X'Pert PRO MPD X-ray diffractometer. The particle morphology was observed by a TEM image taken with a JEOL JEM-2011 transmission electron microscope. The magnetic properties were measured by using a Lake Shore 7300 vibrating sample magnetometer.
Fecl2
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Australia, India, Japan
FeCl2 is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula FeCl2. It is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water and other polar solvents. FeCl2 is commonly used as a reagent in various scientific and industrial applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fecl3, by Merck Group (40 mentions)
Cucl2, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Zncl2, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Mncl2, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Mgcl2, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Cacl2, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Cocl2, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Ferrozine, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Nicl2, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Hgcl2, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Alcl3, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Cdcl2, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
91 protocols using fecl2
1
Magnetic Nanoparticle Synthesis Protocol
2
Plasmid DNA Response to Metal Ions
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To investigate the influence of traces of metal ions a sample of 300 μL of 500 ng μL−1 plasmid DNA in 1xPBS was prepared. To this sample 3 μL of a 2 mM FeCl2 (Merck) solution was added for a final concentration of Fe2+ of 20 μM. Similarly, the isolated effects of addition of higher concentrations (final values: 20 μM, 150 μm, 2000 μm) of FeCl2 without the involvement of freeze‐thawing processes were tested. Here, the AGE analysis was performed 30 min after the addition of FeCl2 stock solutions to separate “addition” and freeze‐thaw effects.
3
Biomineralization Simulation Materials
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Analytical grade CaCl2, K2HPO4, FeCl2, FeCl3, (NH4)OH aqueous solution (28%), (NH4)2CO3, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), uranyl acetate, poly-(α, β)-dl -aspartic acid sodium salt (pAsp, molecular weight = 2000–11,000 g mol−1) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (pAH, mw = 15,000 g mol−1) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Type-I collagen extracted from horse tendon was kindly provided by Prof. Giuseppe Falini (Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Italy) and was originally purchased from OPOCRIN Spa38 (link). Type-I collagen sponge tapes derived from bovine Achilles tendon was purchased from ACE Surgical.
4
Quantification of Antioxidants in Plant Samples
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The following chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Italia (Milan, Italy): Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, 6-hydroxyl-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; ABTS), AlCl3, NaNO2, FeCl2, FeCl3, FerroZine®, fluorescein, 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), phosphoric acid (85–87%, w/w), hydrochloric acid (37%, w/w), monobasic sodium phosphate (>98%), sodium hydroxide beads (>98%), and HPLC-grade solvents. Pure standards of phenolic acids (4-hydroxybenzoic, gallic, caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, p-coumaric, sinapic, syringic, trans-cinnamic, and vanillic acids) and flavonoids (quercetin, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, catechin, epicatechin, daidzein, and genistein) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France). The IUPAC names for these compounds are indicated in Table S1 . All standards (>99.5% purity in powder form) were prepared as stock solutions at 1 mg/mL in methanol and stored in the dark at −18 °C for less than three months.
5
Osteoclastogenesis Regulation by CORM-2
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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM), and supplements were purchased from Invitrogen Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from HyClone Laboratories (Logan, UT). Recombinant murine sRANKL and macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) were purchased from PeproTech (Rock Hill, NJ, USA). Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer (CORM-2), bilirubin, FeCl2, and ruthenium chloride (RuCl3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). All antibodies used in this study were purchased from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA) or Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA). Anti-NFATc1 monoclonal antibody was purchased from BD Biosciences Discovery Lab-ware (Bedford, MA).
6
Characterization of Synaptic Proteins
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ZnCl2, CuCl2, CdCl2, FeCl2, SeCl4, AlCl3, MgCl2, HgCl2, and PbCl2 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Zinpyr-1 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Primary antibodies were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Map2, GluN1, and Shank1 for WB), Synaptic Systems (Bassoon, Homer1b/c, Shank3), Merck Millipore (GluN2a and GluN2b), and Novus Biological (Shank1 for IF). Shank2 antibodies have been described previously [14 (link)]. Secondary antibodies Alexa were purchased from Life Technologies. Unless otherwise indicated, all other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
7
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Nanoparticles
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Silver nitrate (AgNO3), sodium borohydride (NaBH4), mercaptoundecanoic acid (11MUA), NiCl2, CoCl2, ZnCl2, CuCl2, MnCl2, CdCl2, FeCl2, HgCl2, PbCl2, and CrCl3 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and used without further purification. All the glassware was washed with boiling aqua regia before being used. All the solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (18.2 µS/cm).
Plots, fittings, and statistical analysis were performed by using MatLab R2020b (The MathWorks, Inc, Natick, MA, USA).
Plots, fittings, and statistical analysis were performed by using MatLab R2020b (The MathWorks, Inc, Natick, MA, USA).
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridyl Porphyrins
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meso-Tetrakis(2-N-pyridyl)porphyrin (H2T-2-PyP) and meso-tetrakis(3-N-pyridyl)porphyrin (H2T-3-PyP) were purchased from Frontier
Scientific. Ethyl p-toluenesulfonate (98%) was from
Sigma-Aldrich. The n-octyl p-toluenesulfonate
and methyl-tri-n-octylammonium chloride (>95%) were from TCI America.
MnCl2·4H2O (99.7%) was supplied by J. T.
Baker, FeCl2 (98%) was from Sigma-Aldrich, and NH4PF6 (99.99%) was from GFS chemicals. Anhydrous diethyl
ether and acetone were from EMD chemicals, while dichloromethane,
chloroform, acetonitrile, EDTA, and KNO3 were purchased
from Mallinckrodt. Anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF) of 99.8% purity (kept over 4-Å molecular sieves) and plastic-backed
silica gel TLC plates (Z122777-25EA) were from Sigma-Aldrich. Xanthine,
equine ferricytochrome c (lot 7752), and (+)-sodiuml -ascorbate (>98%) were from Sigma, whereas xanthine oxidase
was prepared by R. Wiley.1 (link) Triethylamine
(Et3N) of >99.5% purity was obtained from Thermo Scientific
Pierce. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
The 1H NMR spectra were recorded on a spectrometer “Mercury
Varian 300” with deuterated chloroform as solvent.
Scientific. Ethyl p-toluenesulfonate (98%) was from
Sigma-Aldrich. The n-octyl p-toluenesulfonate
and methyl-tri-n-octylammonium chloride (>95%) were from TCI America.
MnCl2·4H2O (99.7%) was supplied by J. T.
Baker, FeCl2 (98%) was from Sigma-Aldrich, and NH4PF6 (99.99%) was from GFS chemicals. Anhydrous diethyl
ether and acetone were from EMD chemicals, while dichloromethane,
chloroform, acetonitrile, EDTA, and KNO3 were purchased
from Mallinckrodt. Anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide
(DMF) of 99.8% purity (kept over 4-Å molecular sieves) and plastic-backed
silica gel TLC plates (Z122777-25EA) were from Sigma-Aldrich. Xanthine,
equine ferricytochrome c (lot 7752), and (+)-sodium
was prepared by R. Wiley.1 (link) Triethylamine
(Et3N) of >99.5% purity was obtained from Thermo Scientific
Pierce. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
The 1H NMR spectra were recorded on a spectrometer “Mercury
Varian 300” with deuterated chloroform as solvent.
9
CALB L Lipase Immobilization and Characterization
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CALB L, the lipase B of Candida antarctica (CALB, EC 3.1.1.3, 19.1 U/mg protein; 7.50 mg protein/ml) was kindly provided by Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). HyperLadder I markers were purchased from Bioline (Randolph, MA, USA). Tween 20 and Tween 80 were obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), NaBH4, FeCl2, FeCl3, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), p-nitrophenyl acetate (pNPA), bovine serum albumin, and Triton X-100 were purchased form Sigma-Aldrich (St. Luis, MO, USA). Coomassie Blue was obtained from GE Healthcare (Uppsala, Sweden). All other chemicals were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Non-edible oils (unrefined soybean, jatropha and cameline) were obtained from Bunge Ibérica, S.A. (Zierbena, Spain), Jatropha Hispania, S.L. (Toledo, Spain) and Camelina Company (Madrid, Spain), respectively. Olive oil used as a control was purchased from Carbonell (Madrid, Spain) and waste frying oil was obtained from local restaurants.
10
Chlorogenic Acid-Enriched Extract Characterization
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CAE with 48.3 ± 0.4 mg/g of chlorogenic acid and a trace amount of caffeic acid was prepared as described in a previous study [32 (link)]. The Bradford reagent for protein quantitation was obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Berkeley, CA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and reagents for cell culture were purchased from Gibco, Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). AlCl3·6H2O, DCFDA, dimethyl sulfoxide, calcium chloride, CH3COOK, dl -dithiothreitol, FeCl2, FeCl3, 2-thiobarbituric acid, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,3-triazine-4′,4″-disulfonic acid sodium salt, deoxyribose, sodium nitrite, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), and other reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was purchased from Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Inc., Piscataway, NJ, USA. All other agents used in this study were of a reagent grade.
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