Thermal curves of phytosomes and physical mixture of PC extract were obtained using Differential Scanning Calorimeter (Mettler-Toledo TGA/differential scanning calorimetry [DSC] STAR SW9.20, USA). Each sample weighing was scanned at a rate of 10°C/min over the range of −25–200°C. The flow rate of nitrogen was maintained at 5 ml/min.
Star sw9
Manufactured by Mettler Toledo
Sourced in Switzerland, United States
The STAR SW9.20 is a high-precision analytical balance designed for laboratory use. It features a maximum capacity of 9.2 kg and a readability of 0.01 g. The balance is equipped with a built-in adjustable leveling system and a draft shield to ensure accurate and stable measurements.
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6 protocols using star sw9
1
Thermal Characterization of Phytosomes
2
Thermal Analysis of Sample Gelatinization
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Thermal parameters of all the samples were measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC1; Mettler Toledo, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland) equipped with a thermal analysis data station and data recording software (STAR@ SW 9.20), as described by Ahmed et al. [22 ]. Each sample (approx. 4 mg) and distilled water (8 mg) were placed in an aluminum pan, then sealed in the aluminum hermetic pan and then kept at 4°C for 24 h. The scanning temperature range and the heating rates were 25–120°C and 10°C/min, respectively. In all measurements, the thermogram was recorded with an empty aluminum pan as a reference. During the scans, the space surrounding the sample chamber was flushed with dry nitrogen to avoid condensation. The transition temperatures reported are the onset (To), peak (Tp), conclusion (Tc) and gelatinization temperature range (Tc−To). The gelatinization enthalpy change (ΔH) estimated by integrating the area between the thermogram and a baseline under the peak, was expressed in Joules per gram of dry basis sample.
3
Thermal Analysis of Drug Formulations
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Pure drug and physical mixture of drug with MCC were subjected to DSC study. 10 mg sample was heated in an aluminium pan under nitrogen (50 mL/min) at 10 °C/min from 30 to 300 °C (Mettler-Toledo STARSW 9.20, USA). An empty aluminium pan was used as a reference.
4
Characterization of PEG-Arg@IONPs
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The internal structure of PEG-Arg@IONPs was studied through transmission electron microscope (Cambridge 360–1990 Stereo Scan Instrument-EDS) measurements.
Morphology of PEG-Arg@IONPs was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (JPK Nano wizard II, JPK instrument, Bouchestrasse, Berlin, Germany) in an intermittent contact mode.
X-ray diffraction was measured by a Bruker AXS model D8 Advance powder X-ray diffractometer.
FTIR spectra of the sample were measured by a Bruker, Tensor 27 FTIR spectrophotometer.
To evaluate the behavior in reaction to the increased temperature, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, Linseis Instruments model, STA PT 1000, USA) and also, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, Mettler Toledo, model Star SW 9.30, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland) were used.
Sample magnetization curves were attained by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM Magnetic Daghigh Daneshpajouh Co, Kashan, Iran).
ζ-potential and hydrodynamic size measurements were done using a nano/zetasizer (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK, model Nano ZS).
To quantify the stability of PEG-Arg@IONPs nanoparticles dispersed in water, DMEM, and saline, respectively, UV-visible absorbance at 450 nm were used in order to monitor the absorbance of the corresponding dispersion solution containing PEG-Arg@IONPs nanoparticles at a fixed wavelength similar to that in the reported study.
Morphology of PEG-Arg@IONPs was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (JPK Nano wizard II, JPK instrument, Bouchestrasse, Berlin, Germany) in an intermittent contact mode.
X-ray diffraction was measured by a Bruker AXS model D8 Advance powder X-ray diffractometer.
FTIR spectra of the sample were measured by a Bruker, Tensor 27 FTIR spectrophotometer.
To evaluate the behavior in reaction to the increased temperature, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, Linseis Instruments model, STA PT 1000, USA) and also, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC, Mettler Toledo, model Star SW 9.30, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland) were used.
Sample magnetization curves were attained by means of a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM Magnetic Daghigh Daneshpajouh Co, Kashan, Iran).
ζ-potential and hydrodynamic size measurements were done using a nano/zetasizer (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK, model Nano ZS).
To quantify the stability of PEG-Arg@IONPs nanoparticles dispersed in water, DMEM, and saline, respectively, UV-visible absorbance at 450 nm were used in order to monitor the absorbance of the corresponding dispersion solution containing PEG-Arg@IONPs nanoparticles at a fixed wavelength similar to that in the reported study.
5
Thermal Analysis of BSA-PEG Nanoparticles
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Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of Analysis (Mettler Toledo, model Star SW 9.30, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland) was applied for thermal analysis of the microemulsions BSA-PEG NPs Each sample was put inside the sealed aluminum-lead pans and run at a scanning rate of 15 °C.min−1 from 0 °C to 300 °C.
6
Characterization of Triblock Copolymer
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The triblock copolymer’s chemical structure and composition were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Bruker, Tensor 27, USA) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMR) in CDCl3 at 400 MHz (Bruker, Avance 400, USA). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (Mettler Toledo, model Star SW 9.30, Selangor, Switzerland) was used for thermal analysis. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) (Knauer, Berlin, Germany) set with a differential refractometric detector and an ultrastyragel column (4.6×30 mm) (Waters, Milford, USA, model HR 4E, USA) was used to average molar mass determination and distribution of the copolymers. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), mobile phase, with a flow-rate of 1 mL/min and the injection volume of 50 μL of stock solutions (0.1–0.5 w/v%) were used. In addition, the copolymer was further characterized by relative elution time to polystyrene monodisperse standards in the range of 1.500–35.500 kDa (Varian Palo Alto, CA, USA).
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