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16 protocols using axiocam color camera

1

Quantifying Collagen XII in Post-Injury Myocardium

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Fluorescent images were taken using the confocal microscopes Leica TCS SP5 and Leica TCS SP-II. Image analysis was performed using the Fiji ImageJ software and Adobe Photoshop. To quantify the percentage of Col XII in the post injured myocardium, the area positive for Col XII expression was divided by the whole post-injury myocardium area, but excluding the epicardium. N represents a number of hearts. In order to obtain representative data, at least 2 sections of each heart at different time points were imaged and analyzed. Statistics were calculated with the Prism GraphPad software. All results are expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean (S.E.M.). Bright-field images were taken using a Zeiss Axioplan 2 microscope coupled to an AxioCam Color camera.
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2

Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Protocol

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Whole mount in situ hybridization was performed as previously described51 (link) using an automated InsituPro system (Abimed, Langenfeld, Germany).52 Digoxigenin-labeled RNA probes were prepared using an RNA labeling kit (Roche, Indianapolis, IN, USA) and stained using BM purple (Roche). Whole mount embryos were imaged on a Leica stereomicroscope fitted with a Zeiss Axiocam color camera. For generating in situ probes, following PCR primers were used (forward and reverse primers are flanked with T3 and T7 promoter sequences respectively): zfFam40b-Forw-T3–5′-AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGGAATGATACAGATAC-3′ zfFam40b-Rev-T7–5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGTTGCTCTGGTTCTT-3′ vmhc-Forw-T3–5′-AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGGAGGAAAGAGCATCC-3′ vmhc-Rev-T7-5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCCCACATCACGACT-3′ amhc-Forw-T3–5′-AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGGCGAGATATGAGACT-3′ amhc-Rev-T7-5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGTTTCTTTCAAGCAT-3′ cmlc2-Forw-T3–5′-AATTAACCCTCACTAAAGGGATGGAGTTATCAAC-3′ cmlc2-Rev-T7-5′-TAATACGACTCACTATAGGGCAGCAGTTACAGAC-3′.
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3

Embryonic Vascular Morphometry Analysis

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Serial transverse sections (4 μm) of formalin-fixed E13.5 embryos were cut using a microtome. Slides were dried overnight at 37 °C and heated for 20 min at 60 °C. Haematoxylin and eosin staining of every tenth section was used to select the anatomical level according to the ref. 54 . IHC for CD31, NG2 and DOCK4 was carried out using standard methods. Images were captured using an Axioplan Zeiss microscope fitted with AxioCam color camera and AxioVision 4.6 software (Carl Zeiss). Images at the brain level were captured using a × 20 objective and at the lung level using a × 4 objective. Vessel diameter for each lumen was defined, and the best fit circle for each lumen was determined using the AxioVision software (smallest identifiable lumens were 8 μm).
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4

Quantitative Analysis of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy

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Mice were saline/heparin-perfused, and 20-µm coronal brain cryostat sections were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Brain sections were incubated with rabbit anti–laminin antibody (Sigma-Aldrich) overnight and stained for 30 min with 0.2% Congo Red (Sigma) in 70% isopropanol. After immunohistochemistry, brain sections were analyzed with a microscope (Axiovert 200; Carl Zeiss) equipped with Plan-Neofluar (10× NA 0.3, and 20× NA 0.5) objective lenses at room temperature. The imaging medium was air for both the objective lenses used. The AxioCam color camera (Carl Zeiss) and AxioVision software (Carl Zeiss) were used for image collection. Each set of stained sections was processed under identical gain and laser power setting and under identical brightness and contrast settings. Images of all the areas with CAA and Aβ plaques were acquired and thresholded using Image J. The total area of CAA and Aβ plaques was analyzed as percentage of total cortex area with the analyzer blinded to treatment of mice. The average of 7–10 different sections from each mouse was determined (n = 5 mice per group).
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5

Decalcification and Cryosectioning of Bone Samples

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Post micro-CT analysis, samples were rinsed again in 1X PBS, then decalcified for 4–8 days in CalciClear decalcifying solution (National Diagnostics). Samples were rinsed in several changes of water after decalcification, then overnight in 1X PBS. In order to facilitate embedding and mounting of samples for sectioning, the samples were first pre-sectioned into thick slices (~5 −10 mm) using a scroll saw, as though the decalcified bone tissue was soft enough to cut with a razor blade, the PCL support required significantly more force to cut. Thick slices were then embedded in Neg 50 cryosectioning medium (Richard Allan Scientific), and 20–30 μm sections were cut using a Leica CM1900 cryostat. Sections were then stained using hematoxylin and eosin, and images were captured using a Nanozoomer histological slide scanner (Hamamatsu) or Zeiss inverted microscope with an Axiocam color camera (Carl Zeiss).
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Organs

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Mice were euthanized and organs were removed and fixed overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde. Organs were then embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 2.5 μm and mounted on glass slides. Following standard dewaxing and hydration procedures, staining was performed for 30 s in Hematoxylin, followed by a 5 min tap water rinse. Counterstaing was performed in Eosin 30 s, and subsequent dehydration was conducted according to standard procedures. For immunohistochemistry, slides were dewaxed and hydrated as above. Antigen retrieval was perfomed in citrate solution at pH 6.0 for 15 min in a microwave at 600W. The following antibodies were used: anti-P16INK4a (1:100, Santa Cruz, F-12, sc-1661) and anti-TRP53 (1:300, NCL-p53-CM5p, Novocastra, Leica Bisosystems), followed by secondary biotin-conjugated antibodies. Peroxidase conjugated streptavidin was used with 3,3’-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB, VectorLabs) as a chromogen for detection. Hematoxylin was used for counterstaining. Pictures were then recorded on an AxioImagerA1 microscope with an AxioCam color camera using AxioVision 4.3 software (all Carl Zeiss).
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of Tumor Cryosections

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CT26 and MC38 tumors were excised and immediately embedded in frozen section medium (Thermo Scientific). Staining was performed on 10 mm cryosections fixed in ice-cold acetone. Primary antibodies in small immunoprotein format (F8 and KSF, kindly provided by Dr. Rémy Gebleux) were detected with a rabbit anti-human IgE (1:1000, Dako Agilent) and in a second step with Alexa Fluor 488–coupled anti-rabbit (1: 200, Invitrogen). An anti-CD31 (1:100, MEC 13.3, BD Biosciences) was detected with an Alexa Fluor 594–coupled anti-rat antibody (1:200, Invitrogen). Sections were counterstained with DAPI (SigmaAldrich) and mounted with fluorescent mounting medium (Dako Agilent). Slides were then analyzed with an Axioskop2 mot plus microscope (with a 20x/0.5 objective lense, Zeiss) and documented with an AxioCam color camera (Zeiss), using the AxioVision software (4.7.2. Release, Zeiss).
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8

Cardiomyocyte Nucleation Analysis

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Serial sections (0.5–1 μm) were cut from LR white embedded heart to cover up to 100 μm of tissue below and above the section that was mounted on the chip. Sections were stained with a modified PAS staining protocol to identify individual cardiomyocytes. Slides were immersed for 2 × 30 min in xylene and rehydrated through graded alcohols, incubated in Periodic acid solution overnight and then in Schiff’s reagent for two nights, washed, and dehydrated and cleared before mounting. Slides were imaged on a NanoZoomer Whole Slide Scanner (Hamamatsu Photonics). Magnified PAS image in Fig. 3a was taken on Airy Scan LSM800 with Axiocam color camera (Zeiss). To analyze nucleation, 15N-thymidine-positive cardiomyocytes were tracked by locating the cardiomyocyte in every section of the serial above and below the level of the nucleus for as long as it was present. The total number of nuclei was counted for each cell. PAS-stained sections were also used to confirm cells labeled as cardiomyocytes and non-CMs in all cohorts and adjustments have been made for mislabeled cells if necessary. Outlined 15N-positive cells were also used to calculate total cellular volume.
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9

Quantifying Hepatic Fibrosis with Sirius Red

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Liver collagen content was determined using sirius red histochemistry as previously described [62 (link)]. Tissue sections were observed using an Axiophot microscope (Carl Zeiss AG, Feldbach, Switzerland) and images were acquired with an Axiocam color camera (Zeiss, Feldbach, Switzerland). Hepatic fibrosis extent was determined using morphometric quantification (MetaMorph Software, Universal Imaging, West Chester, PA, USA).
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10

Quantifying Cerebral Infarct Volumes

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Coronal brain sections (bregma coordinates +1.7 through −3.3mm) were collected from rats in both models. A Zeiss AxioSkop2 microscope (model 801572) with a Zeiss AxioCam Color camera (model 412-312, Oberkochen, Germany) was used with OpenLab imaging software (Improvision Ltd., Lexington, MA) to capture images. Total infarct volumes were measured with NIH Image J software by taking the damaged ipsilateral hemisphere and dividing the total area of the contralateral hemisphere (six sections of each brain) measurement and multiplying by 100 to obtain a percentage. Infarct volume measurement equation: ipsilateral/contralateral × 100 = percentage.
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