Ta xt texture analyzer

According to the measurement method of Yang et al. with slight modifications [28 (link)], the MF sample was placed on a TA-XT texture analyzer (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Middleboro, MA, USA) for structural profile analysis. A P/35 probe was selected, and the parameters of the pre-test speed, test speed, and post-test speed were set at 5.0 mm/s, 1 mm/s, and 2 mm/s, respectively. The compression times were separated by a 10 s interval, with a sample compression deformation of 10% and a trigger point load of 20 N. Hardness was determined based on the maximum force value during the initial compression. Ten MF samples were chosen randomly for each experiment, and the results were averaged.

The dried MF samples that were processed with different processing techniques were placed on a TA-XT Texture Analyzer (Brookfield Engineering Laboratories, Inc., Middleboro, MA, USA) equipped with a P/35 probe for conducting texture profile analysis (TPA). We followed the measurement method described by Ella et al. [28 (link)] with slight modifications by setting the pre-test speed to 5.0 mm/s, test speed to 1 mm/s, post-test speed to 2 mm/s, and compression time interval between two tests to 10 s; compressing the equatorial part of the sample to a deformation of 10%; and setting the trigger point load to 20 N. The hardness of the dried MF was represented by the maximum force value obtained during the first compression. Ten dried MF samples were randomly selected for each group of experiments, and the results were averaged.