Milli q purification system 18.2 mω

(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl radical (TEMPO), sodium chlorite (NaClO₂), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), hexamethylenediamine, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), potassium hydroxide (KOH), sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (France) and were used without further purification. A Spectra/Por dialysis membrane, MWCO 12–14,000 Da, was purchased from Spectrum Laboratories Inc. (Piscataway, NJ, USA). Water was purified by the Millipore Milli-Q purification system (18.2 MΩ).
Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was provided by Centre Technique du Papier (CTP), Grenoble (France). NFC was prepared from bleached pulp paper submitted to endoglucanase treatment, and homogenized at an operating pressure of 1500 bar (4 passes). NFC was purified by filtration (1–1.6 µm).

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were analyzed using a Bruker AM 500 spectrometer (Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany), with the chemical shifts represented in parts per million (ppm, δ). Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on precoated silica-gel 60 F254 plates and RP-C18 F254s plates (20 × 20 cm; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and spots were visualized by UV illumination (254 nm) or by spraying with 10% H₂SO₄ in ethanol followed by heating. Solvents for extraction and isolation were purchased from SK Chemicals Co. (Seoul, South Korea) and were redistilled before use. Deionized water was prepared from ultrapure water processed by a Milli-Q purification system (18.2 MΩ; Millipore, Billerica, MA). Solvents for NMR experiments (CDCl₃, (CD₃)₂CO, and CD₃OD) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc. (Andover, MA).