Triclosan was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Cat# NC 9022139). MUT056399 was a gift from Anacor. PT01, PT02, PT03, PT04, PT05, PT52, PT70, PT103, PT113, PT91 and PT92 were synthesized as previously described [30 (link)-33 ], as were PT447 and PT119 [34 (link)]. The synthesis of PT163, PT501, PT403, PT404, PT411, PT412 and PT417 is described in the supplementary information .
Triclosan
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
Triclosan is a chemical compound used as an antimicrobial agent in various products, including laboratory equipment. It is commonly used to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and some viruses. Triclosan is included in the formulation of certain lab equipment to enhance their sanitizing and disinfecting properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Linalool, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sabouraud dextrose broth (sdb), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
E cinnamaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chlorhexidine digluconate chx, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Irgasan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium nitroprusside dihydrate, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Sodium hypochlorite, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Avantor (1 mentions)
Atrazine, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Liquid phenol, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Nitrate nitrogen no3 n detection kits, by HACH (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 hexylresorcinol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cellulose acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lumogen f red 305, by BASF (1 mentions)
5 protocols using triclosan
1
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Compounds
2
Antimicrobial Potential of Essential Oils
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Twelve commercial essential oils (Essential Oils Direct Ltd., Oldham, UK) (Table 5 ), two terpenes (E-cinnamaldehyde and linalool (Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK)), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) (Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) and triclosan (Irgasan from Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) were evaluated.
The commercial essential oils were tested at a range of concentrations against planktonic growth (2% (v/v) to 0.007% (v/v) and biofilms (8% (v/v) to 0.125% (v/v)). All agents were prepared in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB; Oxoid Ltd, Basingstoke, UK). To enhance dispersion of essential oils in the medium, 1% (v/v) Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) was added. In the case of biofilm studies, 0.015% (w/v) Agar Bacteriological (LP0011 Oxoid) was added to SDB [53 (link)]. CHX was used in SDB at concentrations between 0.04% (v/v) to 3.1 × 10−4% (v/v) and from 0.08% (v/v) to 6.2 × 10−4% (v/v) for planktonic and biofilm growth experiments, respectively. A 20% (w/v) stock solution of triclosan was prepared in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) (Fisher Chemical, Loughborough, UK). Serial doubling dilutions of the stock solution were prepared in SDB yielding final concentrations from 5.2 × 10−6% (v/v) to 6.7 × 10−4% (v/v) and from 1.7 × 10−4% (v/v) to 5 × 10−3 (v/v) for planktonic and biofilm experiments, respectively.
The commercial essential oils were tested at a range of concentrations against planktonic growth (2% (v/v) to 0.007% (v/v) and biofilms (8% (v/v) to 0.125% (v/v)). All agents were prepared in Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB; Oxoid Ltd, Basingstoke, UK). To enhance dispersion of essential oils in the medium, 1% (v/v) Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich, Gillingham, UK) was added. In the case of biofilm studies, 0.015% (w/v) Agar Bacteriological (LP0011 Oxoid) was added to SDB [53 (link)]. CHX was used in SDB at concentrations between 0.04% (v/v) to 3.1 × 10−4% (v/v) and from 0.08% (v/v) to 6.2 × 10−4% (v/v) for planktonic and biofilm growth experiments, respectively. A 20% (w/v) stock solution of triclosan was prepared in Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) (Fisher Chemical, Loughborough, UK). Serial doubling dilutions of the stock solution were prepared in SDB yielding final concentrations from 5.2 × 10−6% (v/v) to 6.7 × 10−4% (v/v) and from 1.7 × 10−4% (v/v) to 5 × 10−3 (v/v) for planktonic and biofilm experiments, respectively.
3
Analytical Methods for Environmental Samples
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Amoxicillin trihydrate, triclosan (99%), and estrone (99+%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA), while acetaminophen (≥98%) and atrazine (≥97%) were procured from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan). Liquid phenol, sodium nitroprusside dihydrate (≥98%), sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite and ethanol were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA) and used as received with no further purification. HPLC grade acetonitrile from EMD Millipore (Bedford, MA, USA) and deionized (DI) water (Milli-Q, 18.2 MΩ cm) were employed as the mobile phase for HPLC analysis. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) kits were purchased from CHEMetrics (Midland, VA, USA) with a range of 0–1500 ppm. Nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) detection kits were purchased from HACH (Loveland, CO, USA).
4
Antimicrobial Paper Coating Development
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Cellulose acetate (CA) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, Mn 50,000 g/mol, DS 2.5), Triclosan (Alfa Aesar, Kandel, Germany, 99%), 4-Hexylresorcinol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, 98%), acetone (Brenntag, Essen, Germany, technical grade), Lumogen® F Red 305 (BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany), Inhibition plate (Axonlab, Reichenbach, Germany), Bacillus subtilis, pH 6.6), Rotilabo® filter paper Type 601 (Carl ROTH, Karlsruhe, Germany) were used as model paper substrate, deionized water was used in all experiments.
5
Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Triclosan
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Triclosan (99% purity) was purchased from Alfa Aesar Inc. (Ward Hill, MA, USA). A 50 g/L TCS stock solution was prepared in acetone and stored at 4°C until use. TCS concentration was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with a Shim-Pack GIST Phenyl, 5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm column (Shimadzu Asia Pacific Pte Ltd) and a UV-Vis detector. The mobile phase was prepared as follows: 60% acetonitrile and 40% 25 mM NaH2PO4 buffer adjusted to pH 2.5 with phosphoric acid. The mobile phase was delivered at 1.8 mL/min through the column. The sample of 50 µL volume was injected and detected at the wavelength of 281 nm. The detection limit of TCS using the HPLC system was at 50 µg/L. VSS and COD were measured following standard methods20 .
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